在歐洲的歷史發展中,現代國家的建立一般是由中央霸權主導的,然而西班牙卻與西歐國家不同,其地理上中央與邉陲的分歧,也就是區域之間在族群、文化與語言等的差異,並沒有隨著近代「國族革命」而淡化,反而成爲西歐國家中唯一深刻影響國家憲政者。 本文嘗試在歷史的過程中,依據邉陲輿中央政治衡突的脈絡,提出西班牙馬德裏中央合並邉陲且富自主特色的加泰隆尼亞之作爲,其中詮釋它是如何由聯婚到日益的西班牙化,但是加泰隆尼亞工業化的日益進展,帶來文化民族主羲的興起,進而促成政治民族主羲的抬頭,遂不再接受積弱不振輿效率不彰的馬德裏統治,而積極爭取自治,不料引起西班牙軍事獨裁政府的打壓,然而加泰隆尼亞人並沒有因此放棄自治的企求,最後得以在佛朗哥將軍逝世後,由西班牙憲法安排其享有自治的地位。 加泰隆尼亞欲維持自主的特性,不過長期以來面駐地馬德裏中央的同化或鎮壓,今天尚能在歐洲有自主性最高的區域自治,確實不容易。這種文化民族主羲的意涵與其具體化的事實,的確值得吾人加以探索。
Spain was built by the Castilian central and hegemonic government. Before that the people in the Catalan area had developed its own culture and language. Besides, the industry development in Catalonia was more prosperous than in Castile. In the process of industry the Catalan were also shaping their cultural nationalism. Then, their nationalists asked the governance of regionalism enthusiastically from Madrid. In the entire centralization the military leader, like General Primo de Rivera and Francisco Franco, put political pressure on them, but the Catalan still fought for their autonomous governance. The paper attempts to analyze the ethnical politics between the Castilian and Catalan.