受傷運動員之心理復健

Psychological Rehabilitation for Injured Athletes

林佳皇(Chia-Huang Lin) ； 黃惠貞(Hui-Jen Huang)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 4期 (2005/05) Pp. 267-277

https://doi.org/10.29697/JPE.200505.0020

摘要

隨著運動比賽競爭的日趨激烈，現代運動員所接受的訓練量已更甚以往，運動員受傷的機率亦大幅提高。而現代醫學的進步以及運動傷害防護觀念的建立，使得受傷運動員得到比以往更好的醫療照顧，同時也加快了生理痊癒的可能性。然而，運動員的表現不僅受到生理健康的影響，其心理狀況也將影響復健的時間長短與受傷後復出的表現。因此，運動員的復健除了需搭配醫療儀器和技術來加速生理上的痊癒外，同時也需要一些方法來進行心理的復健，讓運動員重回運動場上時在生理和心理上都有完整的準備。
運動員的心理特質、比賽時的心理狀況及受傷的經歷皆會影響受傷後的心理反應；另外，運動員受傷前的情緒、不同的情境因素與受傷發生的時期等因素亦間接影響運動員的心理反應。
教練與運動防護員若能夠與受傷運動員建立密切的關係、輔以良好有效的溝通及培養運動員的社會支持，再加上運動員本身能夠學習有關復健的心理技能，將有助於協助受傷運動員渡過受傷的低潮期及克服心理的障礙，運動員復健的時期將可大大縮短，對日後運動比賽的表現將有莫大的助益。

關鍵字

心理學 ； 運動傷害 ； 心理復健

並列摘要

With the increasing intensity of the competitions, athletes tend to injured now. Injured athletes receive better medical treatment for physical problem because of the improvement of medicine and the establishment of injury prevention. However, their performances are not only affected by the physical health but also the psychological condition. Therefore a complete rehabilitation program for athletes should consist of physical treatment and psychological care.
Personal psychological characters, psychological condition during the game and injury history could affect the post-injury psychological response directly. Moreover, there are indirect factors such as pre-injury emotion, different situation and the time that injury occurred.
The coach and the trainer should build up close relationship with the injured athlete by effective communication and develop up social support. Besides, athlete itself could learn some skill about psychological rehabilitation. Thus it will be useful for athletes to overcome the psychological difficulties and to shorten the period of rehabilitation. That will absolutely be the greatest help for their performance in the future.

並列關鍵字

psychology ； sports injury ； psychological rehabilitation

參考文獻

Brewer, B.,Raalte, V. J.,Linder, D.(1991).Role of the sport psychologist in treating injury athletes: Survey of sports medicine providers.Journal of Applied Sport Psychology.3,183-190.

Brewer, B.,Raalte, V. J.,Linder, D.(1993).Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles' heel?.International Journal of Sport Psychology.24,237-254.

Gould, D.,J. Williams (Ed.)(1986).Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance.Palo Alto, CA:May-field.

Hardy, C. J.,Crace, R. K.(1990).Dealing with injury.Sport Psychology Training Bulletin.1(6),1-8.

Hardy, C.J.,Crace, R.K.(1991).Social support within sport.Sport Psychology Training Bulletin.3(1),1-8.