涅槃之研究－以漢譯“阿含”經典為範圍

本文以漢譯「阿含」經典為範圍，探討其中的「有餘」暨「無餘」兩種涅槃觀念，同時析論與涅槃觀念具有密切關聯的解脫思想：「心解脫」與「慧解脫」。在整理、分析與闡釋之後，本文不僅說明「解脫」和「涅槃」之間的內在連繫，必須通過「定慧等學」的佛法修持來把握，而且指出了解二者的外部區別，可由「方法」不同於「目的」的理解角度來切入；同時，文中所論，還著重釐清阿含經教以「身」、「智」存歿來分判「有餘」與「無餘」的這種標準，其實只是方便學人領解「涅槃」意指的一種表象說明。因此，本文進而指出該二種涅槃之所以分異，主要繫於佛法行者是否還留有任何足以招致煩惱、結縛的生死因素而決定的。

關鍵字

心；慧；愛；無明；涅槃；解脫；有餘；無餘

並列摘要

The study is based on the Chinese translation of the Āgama scripture, discussing-the concepts of ”sopadhi-śesa-nirvāna (extinction with remainder)” and nirupadhiśesa-nirvana (extinction without remainder)”. Also, it analyzes the thought of vimoksa (liberation)-”citta-vimukti (liberated mind)” and ”prajñā-vimukti (liberated wisdom)”, which are closely related to the ”nirvāna (extinction)” concept. After organization, analysis and elaboration, the study sheds light on the internal link between ”vimoksa (liberation)” and ”nirvāna (extinction)”, which should be maintained through practicing the Buddhist principle of ”learning equally meditation and wisdom”. In addition, the study points out the external distinction between the two, which can be explored from the perspective of ”method” and ”objective”. At the same time, the study emphasizes that the standard which differentiates ”sopadhi-śesa-nirvāna” from ”nirupadhiśesa-nirvāna” whether according to the existence of ”physical body” and ”wisdom” or not, even though the Āgama Literature is a primary explanation to help followers to understand the significance of ”nirvāna”. Therefore, the study further explains the life-and-death elements which could cause worries and concerns hanging in a Buddhist practitioner's mind differentiate the two nirvāna.

並列關鍵字

citta mind ； prajñā wisdom ； trsnā desire ； avidyā ignorance ； nirvāna extinction ； vimoksa liberation ； sopadhi-śasa with remainder ； niravśge sa without remainder