311核災後德國核能政策之研究－兼論德國核能治理之公民參與

German Nuclear Policy after the 311 Nuclear Disaster and a Simultaneous Review of Public Participation of German Nuclear Governance

劉書彬(Shu-Pin Liu)

《臺灣民主季刊》 10卷3期 (2013/09) Pp. 131-179

摘要

本文主要探討2011年東日本311核災前後，梅克爾政府如何在2010秋天至2011年中，不到一年期間，透過兩次修訂原子能法：先修訂核反應爐延役案，後設定於2022年無核能的狀況下，將達成2050年既定的能源目標。本文試圖解釋德國此一時期核能政策改變的原因，尤其將探討核能與再生能源結合其它節能措施的能源發展路徑之爭。研究結果顯示：核能政策的利害關係人決策時之環境意識，與風險意識認知變化，是影響德國核能決策的關鍵，而形成的能源產業差異亦深深影響該國生活型態與生態環境。本文藉此評估德國核能治理體系所具備的民主治理程度，其所展現的善治經驗，頗值得使用核能、且是個人排碳大國的我國，思考核電出路時的參考。

關鍵字

德國核能政策 ； 梅克爾 ； 能源轉向

並列摘要

This article focuses on the development of the German nuclear policy before and after the 311 nuclear disaster. Above all to analyze in the autumn of 2010 to middle of 2011, how Merkel's government amended twice the Atomic Energy Act, the previous concerned to extend nuclear using periods; the last was to abolish nuclear reactors until 2022, then to achieve the goal of energy policy for 2050. This Article will explain why the German nuclear policies in this period changed was, particular by comparison with different approaches from nuclear energy or renewable energy and saving energy.The result shows: the change of the environmental value and risk awareness of the stakeholders, they concern about German energy policy, are the key factors to impact the nuclear policy. These lead to German started to develop different energy industry, life style and biological environment. At last the author tries to evaluate German nuclear governance and German experience will be a reference for Taiwan, which also is a country, using nuclear energy, and with huge amount of personal carbon emissions.

並列關鍵字

German nuclear policy ； Merkel ； energy transition

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