新古典地緣政治理論的再起：以中共「一帶一路」地緣政治經濟戰略布局為例

The Re-emergence of Neoclassical Geopolitics: The Strategic Constellations of Geopolitical Economy of China's ＂One Belt, One Road＂ Initiative

莫大華(Ta-hua Mo)

《國防雜誌》 31卷1期 (2016/03) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2016.31(1).1

摘要

新古典地緣政治理論(Neoclassical Geopolitics)在1980年代逐漸受到學者重新關注而再起，創造性地重返傳統地緣政治研究的模式及精神，並重新賦予變遷的社會、經濟、政治及文化因素，以探索地緣因素對國際關係、地緣政治實務的影響。本文嘗試探索新古典地緣政治理論再起與其所受批評，檢視此理論方向對於地緣政治理論與實務發展的影響，以中共的「一帶一路」（絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路）戰略布局的地緣政治經濟戰略意涵，以及其對未來全球地緣政治經濟格局的影響為例，檢視新古典地緣政治理論的適用性及發展性。本文首先檢視地緣政治研究與理論復興的內涵，分析學者對於地緣政治研究與理論復興的觀點，包括復興的時期、有無復興及評價；第二，探索在此復興浪潮中，新古典地緣政治理論的再起及其受到的批評與回應，歸結出其理論要點；第三，以中共的「一帶一路」戰略布局為例，以新古典地緣政治理論分析其地緣政治經濟的戰略意涵（包括地緣、經濟、政治、社會與文化因素），以及其對未來全球地緣政治經濟格局的影響。最後，檢視新古典地緣政治理論詮釋中共的「一帶一路」戰略布局的適用性及發展性。

關鍵字

地緣政治 ； 批判性地緣政治 ； 新古典地緣政治 ； 一帶一路

並列摘要

Neoclassical Geopolitics has gradually drawn attention from the geopolitical scholars since the 1980s. It has creatively returned to the conventional patterns and spirits of the Traditional Geopolitics, and re-designated the changing social, economic, political, and cultural factors to the Traditional Geopolitics for exploring their impacts on international relations or geopolitical practices. This article tries to explore the re-emergence of Neoclassical Geopolitics and its critiques; it also examines the influences of its directions on geopolitical theory and practices. Taking the case of China's ＂One Belt, One Road＂ through the examination of its strategic constellations and implications of geopolitical economy, and its influences on the future constellations of global geopolitical economy, this paper reviews the applicability and expansibility of Neoclassical Geopolitics. This article commences with the review of researches and theories with regard to the renaissance of geopolitics, and analyzes the views of scholars on the renaissance, including its periods, existence and their comments. It is followed by the exploration of the re-emergence of Neoclassical Geopolitics and its critiques to conclude its outlines. Thirdly, in light of the case of strategic constellations of China's ＂One Belt, One Road＂, this paper analyzes its strategic implications and its influences on the future constellations of global geopolitical economy through the Neoclassical Geopolitics. Lastly, it reviews the applicability and expansibility of Neoclassical Geopolitics to interpret China's ＂One Belt, One Road＂ initiative.

並列關鍵字

Geopolitics ； Critical Geopolitics ； Neoclassical Geopolitics ； ＂One Belt, One Road＂