中共海軍的戰略發展及艦艇現代化的現狀與侷限

The development of PLA Naval Strategy and the situation and limitation of its modernization

樊兆善(Chao-Shan Fang)

《國防雜誌》 31卷1期 (2016/03) Pp. 21-46

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2016.31(1).2

摘要

2012年11月，中共「十八大」確立「海洋強國」的戰略目標，2014年北京APEC會議倡推「一帶一路」經濟戰略，中共體認出海洋資源與經濟生命線的重要，為了確保國家領土安全和經濟利益，自90年代開始重視海軍戰略的規劃，積極發展海權以維護海洋利益，海軍戰略的轉型也從以往的近岸防禦到近海防禦並逐漸邁向遠海作戰的戰略目標，更致力於海軍現代化的建設。隨著中共海軍現代化腳步的日益加快，為實現「海洋強國」戰略，未來必將建立遠洋艦隊，以航母為核心，搭配潛艦、護衛艦、驅逐艦及兩棲登陸艦等，具備兵力投射之能力，以威嚇區域外大國的介入。現代由於科技的進步，影響海軍制海作戰的難度，面對中共積極發展海權的局勢，我國海軍面臨嚴重的威脅與挑戰。未來除專注於海上不對稱作戰外，應戮力部隊轉型，積極爭取海軍長遠建軍發展，建立一支能拒止他國的海軍，嚇阻他國進犯的海軍部隊。

關鍵字

海洋強國 ； 一帶一路 ； 海軍戰略 ； 海洋戰略 ； 制海權

並列摘要

In November 2012, the ＂18th National Congress＂ of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) established its strategic objective of being a maritime power. Since China announced the ＂One Belt And One Road＂ economic strategy during the 2014 APEC, it has realized the importance of maritime resources as its economic lifeline in order to ensure country's territorial security and economic profit. Since the 1990's China started to focus on planning of naval strategy and developed the sea power in order to protect its ocean profit. The Chinese naval strategy has evolved from coastal defense to offshore defense, and thereafter it gradually shifts its strategic objective of ocean battle. In order to realize this strategic shift, the PLA Navy has embarked on the modernization of its ships and strategy. With the accelerating pace of PLA Navy's modernization to achieve the strategy of becoming a ＂maritime power＂, China must build a blue-water naval fleet. Using the aircraft carriers as the core, deployed by submarines, frigates, escort ships, destroyers and amphibious landing ships, the blue-water fleet is able to project its forces and to deter other military powers from intervening. Due to the advancement of technology, it has made navy more difficult to carry out sea battle against the enemies. Facing the sea power China has proactively developed, the ROC navy is now encountering serious threats and challenges. In the future, The ROC Navy should not only focus on the asymmetric warfare, but also devote itself to transform the navy in order to sustain the long-term development. The goal is to establish a navy that can deter other country's naval invasion.

並列關鍵字

maritime power ； One Belt and One Road ； naval strategy ； maritime strategy ； command of the sea