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「寫作病句」探析-以大一技職生寫作為例

"An Analysis of Chinese Writing Errors" Using Vocational College Freshmen's Writing as an Example

摘要


本研究的目的是為了了解當前大學生華文寫作能力的情形,採用字詞分析法,語料是以明新科技大學一年級管理學院兩班、服務學院及人文社會與科學學院各一班共計四班為研究對象,取得學生作文語料189份為研究樣本,並將作文病句分成第一類語義上、第二類語法上及第三類其他三類來探討。其中造成第一類語義上病句的包括:「用詞不當」、「語義重複」、「語詞短缺」三項;造成第二類語法上病句的包括:「稱謂不明」、「語法錯誤」、「語序失當」三項;造成第三類其他則包括:「語意不明」、「引喻失當」、「不合邏輯」三項,本文將依序分別探討其造成病句之因,並提供檢測表為參考。三類九項中以第一類語義上之「用詞不當」項高居首位,189人中就有171人犯此毛病,占了90%以上;第三類其他之「語意不明」項居次,189人中有95人犯此毛病,也占了50%以上,這些情形都值得特別注意,也是急待改進之處,而第一類語義上之「語義重複」及第二類語法上之「語法錯誤」都有三成五的同學發生這種書寫錯誤。如此分類分項是為了說明上的方便,實際操作上並不是容易如此清楚地分類分項,因為學生寫作病句的情形常常是糾結在一起,而非只犯其中的一類或是其中一項錯誤而已,因此單單分類分項在作業上就非常龐雜不易。以技職大學生寫作病句為題,來探討、來了解大學生寫作上的現況,這是初次嘗試的研究,即使有人對本文的分類分項有不同意見,而且研究手法的純熟度仍有待加強,但是從本文的各項指標中,一定能夠看出一些端倪,一些可以改善寫作詞句的地方,使人人都能寫出文從字順的句子,達成溝通的目的。大學教育是進入職場的前哨站,因此書寫流暢的基本功,一定要多加鍛鍊,才不會一進入社會,在溝通上就遭受到挫折,或是措詞發生誤會而失去機會,那就後悔莫及了!就目前學生寫作能力嚴重下降的情況下,對大學生「寫作病句」的分析探討,相對地就非常重要而且是刻不容緩之事了!

關鍵字

寫作 病句 語義錯誤 語法錯誤

並列摘要


The aim of this study is to explore a new prospect and implication to Chinese composition teaching in college. The samples are four classes of freshmen of Minghsin University of Science and Technology, two from the College of Management, one from the College of Humanities, Social and Natural Science, and one from the College of Service. The valid samples include 189 copies of students' compositions. The analysis of students' writings is based on the causes of the mistakes which are classified into three main categories: semantics, structure and others. The subcategories of semantics are wrong word, redundancy, and fragment, while those of structure are improper address, grammatical error, and word disorder, and others include ambiguity, wrong illustration, and illogicality.According to the result of this study, 'Wrong word' is the most frequent mistake students make among nine subcategories under three main categories, 171 out of 189. 'Ambiguity' is the second one, 95 out of 189. Teachers should pay more attention to this related situation and improve their teaching. There are 35 percent of students making mistakes which belong to 'Redundancy' and 'Grammatical Error'. It should be noted that the classification used here is only for simplifying reporting. Actually, it is not easy to classify students' writing mistakes. Students' writing mistakes usually mix up and weave together.Since college education prepares students for work place. Students' ability of writing fluency would be one of the basic requirements, which students must be well-trained. Given that students' writing ability in Taiwan is overall getting worse, this kind of study would be relatively urgent.

參考文獻


呂淑湘(2007)。現代漢語八百詞。北京:商務印書館。
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明雨(2011)。閱讀有方法。台北市:婦女與生活社文化事業有限公司。

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