Placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs) are capable of differentiating into many kinds of cell types. The self-renewal properties as well as the ability to differentiate into many types of cells are the potential benefits of stem cells for clinical applications. The IBMX induced neuron from PDMCs were used as a model and proteomics strategies were applied to analyze the changes of cytoskeletal protein expressions including 2D electrophoresis, peptide mass fingerprinting and Western blotting. We identified several different expressed cytoskeleton proteins between PDMCs and its induced neuron. That might provide us useful information to better understand the structural changes in the process of PDMCs differentiated into neuron and may contribute the neuron regeneration medicine in the future.