比丘尼傳承所面對的問題—當代斯里蘭卡比丘尼運動中有關大乘佛教的顧慮

The Trouble with Bhikkhunī Ordination: the Mahāyana issue and the bhikkhunī movement incontemporary Sri Lanka

鄭維儀(Wei-yi Cheng)

《玄奘佛學研究》 8期 (2007/11) Pp. 135-149

https://doi.org/10.29955/HCJBS.200711.0006

摘要

本文將檢視當代斯里蘭卡的比丘尼運動中有關大乘佛教的顧慮。雖然自1980年代晚期起，有越來越多的斯里蘭卡尼僧受比丘尼戒，有關大乘佛教的顧慮仍然關係到比丘尼僧在斯里蘭卡所受到的認同。本文首先將介紹比丘尼僧團在斯里蘭卡的歷史，接著將約略討論三個有關大乘佛教的顧慮，也就是：經典權威、僧袍形式與後殖民焦慮。許多研究都認為，自十九世紀末葉以來，僧伽羅國族主義與上座部佛教似乎發展出一種密不可分的關係。本文也將檢視此種關係對比丘尼運動的影響。

關鍵字

上座部與認同 ； 佛教尼僧 ； 比丘尼戒 ； 斯里蘭卡佛教

並列摘要

This paper will examine concerns over Mahyna influence in the bhikkhunī movement in contemporary Sri Lanka. Although the number of Sri Lankan women receiving bhikkhunī ordination has increased steadily since the late 1980s, the concern over Mahāyāna influence remains an important factor in the legitimization of the nuns' bhikkhunī status in Sri Lanka. In order to understand the historical and political contexts behind those concerns, this paper will first will give a brief introduction to the history of Sri Lankan Buddhist nuns' order, from its first introduction to the island to its recent revival. Secondly, this paper will discuss a few elements frequently cited by Sri Lankan Buddhists as the basis to refute Mahyna elements. The third part is the main theme of this paper: it will examine the postcolonial anxiety behind the concerns over Mahyna influence. Many argue that since the late 19(superscript th) century, there has developed a strong association between Sinhala nationalism and Theravāda Buddhism. I will argue that it is out of this association that Mahāyāna elements in the transmission of bhikkhunī ordination pose a challenge to many Sri Lankan Buddhists.

並列關鍵字

Theravda and identity ； Buddhist nuns ； bhikkhun ordination ； Buddhism in Sri Lanka

參考文獻

Bartholomeusz, Tessa J.(1994).Women Under the Bo Tree: Buddhist nuns in Sri Lanka.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Berkwitz, Stephen C.(2004).Buddhist History in the Vernacular: the power of the pan lst iate medieval Sri Lanka.Leiden & Boston:Brill.

Cheng, Wei-Yi(2007).Buddhist Nuns: a critique of feminist perspective.London & New York:Routledge.

Collins, Steven(1990).On the Very Idea of the Pali Canon.Journal of the Pali Text Society.15(1990),89-126.

Copleston, Reginald Stephen(1994).Buddhism: primitive and present in Magadha and in Ceylon.New Delhi & Madras:Asian Educational Services.