明代政局變化與佛教聖地普陀山的發展

普陀山傳說是觀音菩薩在中國顯現的淨土，其發展在明朝爲關鍵性的時代。此時普陀的興起和衰落都與政府政策有著重大之關係，在洪武期間，因爲政府想要防止日本倭寇入侵，並佔領普陀山，朝廷把山中的寺院遷移到了浙江，並封禁普陀山。這樣的禁令到萬曆期間被解除了，當時神宗因其母親信佛的影響下，他決定保護佛教和普陀山，賞賜菩薩像、金錢、藥品等給山裹寺院。經過神宗的護持，從萬曆朝開始，普陀山信徒逐漸增加。因此，普陀山的發展不可避免與政治和社會變遷有著密切的關係，所以本論文即以此爲立基點，研究明代普陀山的發展。

關鍵字

觀音菩薩；菩薩思想；明代；普陀山；淨土

並列摘要

It is said that Mount Putuo (普陀山) is the legendary pure land that Avalokiteśvara, the Goddess of Mercy, appeared in China. During the Ming Dynasty, Mount Putuo developed into a crucial moment. The rise and decline of this sacred mountain relied on government policies. During the reign of Hong Wu (洪武) emperor, in order to protect Mount Putuo from the occupation of Japanese pirates, the government moved the temples to Zhejiang province and blockaded the mountain. The prohibitory edict was not lifted until the Wan Li (萬曆) reign. Shenzong (神宗) emperor, under the influence of his mother, a devout Buddhist, actively protected Buddhism and Mount Putno. He provided financial and medical assistance as well as statues of Buddha to the temples of Mount Putuo. With his support, Mt. Putuo attracted more and more believers. In reality, the development of Mount Putuo was inevitably and closely influenced by political and social changes. Standing on this point, this research focuses on the relationship between Mount Putuo's developments and government policies under the Ming Dynasty.