淺析佛禪對東坡生命智慧及文學藝術觀之影響

Influence of Zen Buddhism on Su-Shi's Wisdom of Living Life and Aesthesia of Art

施淑婷(Sue-Ting Shy)

《中華人文社會學報》 1期 (2004/09) Pp. 146-163

摘要

禪宗獨特的思維模式、表達技巧乃至美學追求，對蘇軾的生命智慧、文藝創作與理論產生了深遠的影響。本文針對佛禪對東坡生命智慧之啟迪作解析，佛禪的「空觀」思想及「返照」工夫，使東坡悟得人生如夢幻、此心本清淨，不應被情塵欲累所役使，而能以一種超然物外的生命態度坦然面對宦海沉浮的生活困境，孕育了隨緣自適、「無所往而不樂」的禪化之生命情境；在藝術的理論與實踐上，東坡受佛禪「空觀」、「動靜觀」及「返照」的濡染，豐富了其作品及文論內涵。本文歸納「靜故了群動，空故納萬境」的創作本體論、「不涉理路，直覺觀照」的創作構思論、「反理性，超功利」的創作價值論、「注重自然，寄情山水」的創作本原論、「韻外之致，味外之旨」的藝術風格論，剖析禪宗對東坡文藝創作及審美理念的影響。總結東坡在文藝理念上，突破當代文學變革的宗旨，強調文學本身的自覺，將文學從「明道」「言志」的傳統功利模式中解脫出來。

關鍵字

禪宗 ； 東坡 ； 蘇軾 ； 文藝理論 ； 以禪喻詩 ； 文字禪

並列摘要

Influence of Zen Buddhism on Su-Shi's intelligence of living life is investigated in this paper. Su-Shi's wisdom of living life, compose of literature and aesthesia of art are influenced by the unique thinking model, special skill of presentation and aesthetics of Zen Buddhism. Intellection of nothingness ｢空觀｣ and tracking of thinking ｢返照｣ of Zen Buddhism illumine Su-Shi, let him awake the inanity of life. Zen teaches us that our mind must keep clean all the time and should not be enthralled by desires. Su knew everywhere is paradise ｢無所往而不樂｣ and learned how to face the life and accepted what the reality is, so the promotion of officialdom is nothing to him. Intellection of nothingness, tracking of thinking and aspect of deportment ｢動靜觀｣ of Zen affected Su's creation and theorem of art. This paper generalized Su's theorem to ｢靜故了群動, 空故納萬境｣ essence of creation, ｢不涉理路, 直覺觀照｣ concept of creation, ｢反理性, 超功利｣ merit of creation, ｢注重自然, 寄情山水｣ provenience of creation, and ｢韻外之致, 味外之旨｣ aroma of art. The deep influences of Zen on Su's creation and aesthetics are analyzed and investigated.

並列關鍵字

Zen Buddhism ； Dong-Po ； Su-Shi ； Art of literature ； Zen in poem ； Worded Zen