性別對大專院校學生自主休閒運動參與動機之影響

Gender Effects on College Students' Self-determined Participation Motivation of Leisure Sport

王傑賢(Jye-Shyan Wang) ； 方佩欣(Pei-Hsin Fang) ； 楊雪子(Hsueh-Tzu Yang)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 14卷2期 (2014/11) Pp. 51-65

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT2014.1402.04

摘要

目的：為分析大專院校學生自主休閒運動參與情況，本研究分析大學生之休閒運動參與心理需求、自我決定動機、休閒滿意與幸福感之現況，探究性別在研究變項的差異情形，並驗證本研究提出之變項間假設及整體模型適配程度。方法：本研究以國立大學之日間部大學生、研究生為對象，採用自編問卷（含個人背景變項、休閒運動心理需求、自我決定動機、休閒滿意、幸福感等量表），以立意取樣進行問卷調查，共得有效樣本2,840份。結果：一、學生之心理需求以自主性最高；自我決定動機以內在動機最高；休閒滿意以放鬆最高；學生的整體幸福感有提升之空間。二、男生在心理需求、自我決定動機之內在動機與外在動機、休閒滿意皆顯著高於女生。三、本研究之模式適配度達可接受標準，並適用於不同性別之樣本。結論：相較於男大學生，女大學生的休閒運動參與態度與行為都較低，為提升女大學生的自主運動情況，強化其對休閒運動的心理需求以及自主動機相當重要，此為學校相關單位可以努力的方向。

關鍵字

心理需求 ； 自我決定動機 ； 休閒滿意 ； 幸福感

並列摘要

Purpose: This study examined the relationships between psychological needs, self-determined motivation, leisure satisfaction, and subjective well-being among college students. Further, we probed gender differences in the case of research variables and verified the fit between the hypothesized model and observed data. Methods: The 2,840 participants were recruited from a national university, and completed a battery of questionnaires including demographic data, psychological need of leisure sports, self-determined motivation, leisure satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Results: Autonomy was the most psychological need, intrinsic motivation was the most self-determined motivation, and relaxation was the most leisure satisfaction of college students. However, there was a need to enhance the degree of subjective well-being. With respect to gender difference, male students showed higher levels of psychological-need, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, and leisure satisfaction than female students. The hypothesized model was found to properly fit the observed data either based on male samples or female samples. Conclusions: Compared with male students, it is more important to encourage female students to nurture regular exercise behaviors. The best way is to enhance their psychological need of leisure sports and self-determined motivation, which can be considered as a strategy for college to promote students' participation of physical activity.

並列關鍵字

psychological needs ； self-determined motivation ； leisure satisfaction ； subjective well-being

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