應用地理資訊系統於海岸地形變化分析

海岸變遷為全球囑目焦點，在臺灣地區由於核四廠的設立與海洋音樂祭的舉行，使得褔隆鹽寮沙灘變遷成為眾所囑目的議題。鹽寮褔隆沙灘附近，不但是北部僅剩生態較完整，海洋資源較豐富的沙灘，也是貢寮漁民賴以生存的重要漁場，而鹽寮到褔隆約4公里的細粒石英質沙灘，是東北角無價的生態及觀光資產。研究範區北起核四廠重件碼頭南方沙灘，往南至福隆漁港堤岸約3.5公里長之海岸線地形；每季進行下列工作項目：(1)海岸地形測量，由高程-0.2公尺以上起算，往岸上方向至約200公尺寬或測至堤防、道路、防風林等地類界為止；(2)近岸水深測量，範團則自核四廠重件碼頭南方沙灘往南至褔隆漁港，垂直海岸線等距離約每200公尺規劃一條主水深測線，各測線由海岸線向海延伸至離岸50公尺或水深負3公尺處；(3)並取得褔衛二號或SPOT衛星影像，進行影像正射化與分析；以形成海陸空立體監測網絡。經由相鄰兩次海岸地形測量及近岸水深測量成果轉繪成5公尺DEM進行相互比對，可計算出相鄰兩次海陸測量時間開距中之地形消長分佈情形及設定範圍內之地形變化量。此外，本研究並收集歷年颱風資料、監測資料及歷史航照等，以進行鹽寮褔隆沙灘變化的分析與比對。

關鍵字

海岸變遷；環境監測

並列摘要

The change of Yanliao-Fulong Beach has been a topic which everyone gazed at owing to the construction of Tai-Power Company and the occasion of Hohaiyan Rock Festival. Yanliao-Fulong Beach and its neighborhoods are not only the only areas in the North Taiwan which have complete ecology and abundant sea resources but also an important fish ground for the fishing population. The fine quartz grains in this 4-kilometer long beach are also invaluable ecological and great sightseeing resources in Northeast Coast in Taiwan. Our study north range is the southern beach of Zhong-Jian Dock and the south range is the dike of Fulong Fishing Port, which is a three-point-five-kilometer coastal landform. The scope of work for the project consists of: (1) mapping of coastal topography from minus zero-point-two-meter height to 200 meters away from seashore; (2) soundings of the adjacent sea area with one main survey line which stretch to 50 meters far from seashore or minus-three-meter depth for every 200 meters; (3) acquiring, orthorectifing and analyzing Forrnosat-Z or SPOT satellite imagery to build a 3-D network with land, sea and air monitoring. In order to compare the change circumstances of two periods, we converted the survey outcomes of coastal topography and soundings of the adjacent sea area between two periods to 5-meter DEM. With this process, we could calculate the increase and decrease amount of coastal topography between two survey periods. Furthermore, we also collect the data of typhoons, other monitoring results and historical aerial photos for several previous years to analyze and compare the change of Yanliao-Fulong Beach.