國際法律脈絡下的人口販運：以人類安全概念分析

A Contextual Analysis of the International Legal Framework for Human Trafficking: In Light of Human Security

蔡育岱

《台灣國際法季刊》 8卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 7-39

https://doi.org/10.29799/TILQ.201109.0001

摘要

人口販運傳統係屬移民、國際關係、性別、法律、人權與組織犯罪等研究的範疇；近期則延展至安全研究，尤其是人類安全研究下一個重要的新興議題。然而直到2000年之前，「販運」一詞儘管在一些國際法律協定中有出現過，但沒有真正被定義在國際法文件當中。此後國際社會開始理解關於人口販運現象，並界定一些國際共識後的定義。本文指出，人口販運所代表的是一種對個人安全威脅狀態，除需藉由對問題陳述方式來分析，以法律元素顯現社會問題外，還需以一種人本的安全框架，來預防人口販運的發生，解決人口販運背後的結構性因素，才能一勞永逸杜絕人口販運的產生。故此時人類安全研究提供一個最佳解決問題的途徑。爰本文將從國際法脈絡下的人口販運進行歷史考掘，其間涉及概念、定義與內涵，並試圖以人類安全概念分析，最後強調以人為本的人口販運防範思維，才是當代國際法律規範上具有意義的轉變與準則之確立。

關鍵字

人口販運 ； 人類安全 ； 巴勒莫公約 ； 人口販運議定書 ； 走私移民議定書

並列摘要

Traditionally, human trafficking has been studied within the framework of migration studies, international relations, human rights research, gender studies, legal studies, and organized crime research. Recently, an increasing extent, human trafficking, as part of security studies, has also been included in human security studies. Until 1990s, the term ”trafficking” was not defined in international law, despite its incorporation in a number of international legal agreements. Only in the late 1990s, international society attempted to understand about human trafficking in order to develop an agreed upon international definition. In this article, it shows that human trafficking represents an individual security threat and that by analyzing problem representations in and through the specific legal element in representing social problems has the potential to reduce the problem of human trafficking. Besides, the article considers human security to be the best approach because it focuses on the individual security and provides us with a people-centric security framework for preventive anti-trafficking policies that address the structural causes behind trafficking.Hence, the main purpose of the article is to evaluate the international legal framework for human trafficking by interpreting the concept of human security. It commences with an overview of how trafficking was used and evolved as a legal concept throughout the framework of international law. Finally, the paper explores a discussion of ”people-centric” reflections on the discourse of anti-human trafficking and how it to international norms is currently being implemented and practiced by the international society.

並列關鍵字

Trafficking in Persons ； Human Security ； Palermo Convention ； Trafficking Protocol ； Smuggling of Migrants Protocol

參考文獻

蔡育岱、譚偉恩(2010)。敵人刑法與安全化理論：國際實踐和理論衝突。中正大學法學集刊。28，77-120。

蔡育岱、譚偉恩(2008)。從「國家」到「個人」： 人類安全概念之分析。問題與研究。47(1)，151-188。

Derks, Annuska, "From White Slaves to Trafficking Survivors: Note on the Trafficking Debate, " 2000, ＜http://www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/derks_2000_from_white_slav.pd.＞

＜「中國婦女發展綱要」和「中國兒童發展綱要頒佈實施」＞，《人民網》＜http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/1026/15357804.html＞

《南亞區域聯盟防制和打擊販運婦女及兒童從事娼妓公約》：＜http://www.saarc-sec.org/userfiles/conv-traffiking.pdf＞