整合駕駛模擬器與即時臉部和凝視追蹤系統應用於視覺能力之分析

Analysis of Visual Ability by Integrating the Driving Simulator and the faceLAB System

張建彥(Chien-Yen Chang) ； 王世杰(Shih-Chieh Wang)

《中華管理學報》 8卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 71-90

https://doi.org/10.30053/CHJM.200709.0005

摘要

對車輛駕駛者而言，影響駕駛安全性的要素可分為生理與心理兩部分，其中生理部分以視覺能力的特性對駕駛安全性影響最大，視覺能力惡化往往也是駕駛安全性下降的最主要原因，因此有效量測視覺能力的狀況及其對安全駕駛的影響，即成為駕駛安全性的重要研究課題。在測量視覺功能的工具或方法上，除了基本的視力檢查表、視野測試儀器外，結合視覺能力追蹤量測設備與駕駛模擬器的虛擬實境視覺能力模擬技術，近年來已逐漸成為重要的研究方向之一。本研究即整合即時臉部和凝視追蹤系統與駕駛模擬器，設計模擬實驗場景，透過駕駛模擬場景中所隨機出現之不同事件，研究車輛駕駛者之視野能力對駕駛行為反應之影響，研究對象共篩選視覺能力狀況不同之20位受測者，分為實驗組的近視戴眼鏡、近視戴隱形眼鏡、老花眼共15位受測者，以及對照組的視力正常者5位受測者，藉以模擬分析不同視覺能力條件下的駕駛者在駕駛過程中，對於不同視野範圍所出現事件，其進行適當反應所需的反應時間，以及是否看到事件的狀況。研究結果顯示，視覺能力類型不同者（無近視、近視戴眼鏡、近視戴隱形眼鏡、老花眼）對於駕駛過程中不同的事件出現之反應時間、視角皆會有差異。本研究結果可作為視覺能力狀況對駕駛安全能力影響的分析基礎。

關鍵字

駕駛安全性 ； 視覺能力 ； 即時臉部和凝視追蹤系統 ； 駕駛模擬器

並列摘要

The influence factors to vehicle driving safety could be divided into two parts: physical factors and psychological factors. In physical factors, visual ability is the most important characteristic to safe driving. The visual ability defect is usually the major factor of driving safety decreasing. Therefore, the effective measurement of visual ability condition and its influence to driving safety has become an important issue. In addition to the: visual ability checklist table and visual field testing equipment, the integration of the visual ability tracking measurement equipment and the driving simulator's virtual reality technology has also become an important technology in the visual ability measurement tools or methods. This study integrates a face and eyes tracking system (faceLAB system) and a driving simulator to design the simulation scenario that randomly appears different events for experimental participants to response. The influence of experimental participants' visual ability to driving behavior reaction has been analyzed. Twenty experimental participants were divided into four groups according to visual ability condition. Fifteen participants were classified into the myopia with glasses group, the myopia with contact lenses group and the presbyopia group. The other five participants were classified into the normal visual ability group. The reaction time and visual field data of each: experimental participant's response to the randomly events in the driving simulation scenario were collected to analyze the visual influence. Results showed that dryers with different visual ability (normal visual ability, myopia with glasses, myopia with contact lenses and presbyopia) have different reaction time and visual fields. This study could be a useful basis for driving safety analysis under different visual ability conditions.

並列關鍵字

Driving Safety ； Visual Ability ； faceLAB System ； Driving Simulator