本研究之目的在探討男性慢性住院精神分裂症病患之自我效能與自我照顧能力,以及兩者之相關性及影響因素,並找出自我效能與自我照顧能力之重要預測因子。研究採立意取樣方式於南部某精神科專科醫院慢性病房,選取精神分裂症之男性病患為研究對象,有效樣本為150位。研究工具為結構式問卷,內容包括四部份:一、個人基本資料(含個人基本屬性與疾病因素);二、精神症狀檢查表;三、自我照顧能力量表;四、自我效能量表。資料分析採描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析及逐步複線性迴歸(stepwise multiple linear regression)分析。本研究結果發現;(1)有工作訓練、無錐體外徑症狀者其自我效能顯著的優於無工作訓練、有錐體外徑症狀者;而精神症狀愈嚴重者其整體自我效能愈差;(2)有工作訓練者其自我照顧能力顯著的較無工作訓練者獨立;而精神症狀愈嚴重者其自我照顧能力愈依賴;(3)自我效能越差者自我照顧能力越依賴;(4)自我效能的顯著預測因子為精神症狀嚴重度;(5)自我照顧能力的顯著預測因子為精神症狀嚴重度、自我效能、工作訓練狀態和教育程度。本研究已顯示病患自我效能越高者其自我照顧能力越獨立,因此為了能改善病患的自我照顧能力,增進病患的自我效能便是重要的途徑之一;而精神症狀嚴重度同時是病患自我效能及自我照顧能力的顯著預測因子,據此,研究者就精神症狀嚴重度和自我效能方面提出臨床上改善病患自我照顧能力的建議。
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between self-efficacy and self-care capabilities among hospitalized, male patients of chronic schizophrenia and to find important predictors for self-efficacy and self-care capabilities. The subjects of the study were selected from chronic wards of a specialised psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan. The study instrument was a structured questionnaire in four parts. (1) personal baseline data. (2) psychiatric symptoms scale. (3) self-efficacy scale. (4) self-care capabilities scale. There were 150 valid responses. The data analyseis methods adopted were descriptive statistics, persons correlation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The findings of the. Study were that: (1) The patients who were employed and had no extra-pyramidal symptoms had significantly higher self-efficacy than those who were unemployed and had extra-pyramidal symptoms. The more severer the patients' psychotic symptoms, the lower their total self-efficacy. (2) The patients who were employed were significantly more independent in self-care capabilities than those who were unemployed. The more severer the patients' psychotic symptoms, the more dependent their self-care capabilities. (3) The poorer the patients' self-efficacy, the more dependent their self-care capabilities. (4) The significant predictor for patients’ self-efficacy was the severity of psychotic symptoms. (5) The significant predictors for patients' self-care capabilities included. the severity of psychotic symptoms, self-efficacy, employment status, and educational level. Since the study. showed that the higher the patients' self-efficacy. the more independent their self-care capabilities. one of the important ways to improve patients' self-care capabilities is to enhance their self-efficacy. The severity of psychotic symptoms, Furthermore is simultaneously a significant predictor for patients' self-efficacy and self-care capabilities. On the basis of these results. make a number of clinical suggestions in. respect. of psychotic symptoms' severity and self-efficacy, to improve patients' self-care capabilities.
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