一般發展孩童執行功能與動作表現相關性研究之探討：文獻回顧

Relationship between Executive Functions and Motor Performance in Typically Developing Children: A Literature Review

陳妍彣(Yen-Wen Chen) ； 林克忠(Keh-Chung Lin) ； 謝妤葳(Yu-Wei Hsieh) ； 王湉妮(Tien-Ni Wang)

《臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌》 9卷2期 (2013/12) Pp. 126-139

https://doi.org/10.6534/jtotrp.2013.9(2).126

摘要

背景與目的：執行功能與動作表現在過去研究中常被視為兩個不同的領域而分開探討，但近年來有學者提出，這兩個看似不相關的領域，可能有著根本上的關連。以發展的觀點來看，學者們認為執行功能與動作技巧有類似的發展時程；且神經影像結果亦顯示，當從事某些認知相關任務時，負責動作的小腦區域會出現共同活化的現象。因此本文將透過文獻回顧，探討一般正常發展孩童執行功能與動作表現之相關性。方法：藉由PubMed、Medline等資料庫，使用executive function, shifting, inhibition, working memory, motor/motor skills/motor performance, children等關鍵字，搜尋近10年之相關文獻，最後共選出10篇符合之文獻。結果：10篇文獻中，受試對象為一般發展孩童，年齡介於3－16歲。文獻回顧結果顯示一般發展孩童之執行功能與動作表現在部分項目呈顯著相關，如：執行功能之抑制能力和工作記憶與手部靈巧度、丟接技巧顯著相關；而執行功能之抑制、工作記憶測驗與平衡能力則不相關。而研究進一步發現，執行功能與動作表現的相關性存在於較複雜的動作協調表現上，如：路徑描繪、串珠、球類丟接等；而對於較基本的動作能力（如：平衡能力）則與各類執行功能不盡相關。此外，有研究顯示，即使是一般發展孩童，若其執行功能或動作技巧表現較差，容易伴隨另一項功能表現的缺失。結論：綜合上述文獻回顧結果顯示，執行功能與動作表現部分測驗呈顯著相關，執行功能對一般發展孩童之影響可能在於較複雜的動作協調表現。此外，目前文獻對於執行功能的定義與評估仍未有黃金標準，因此，對於如何適切地定義與評量孩童之執行功能，仍待未來探究與克服。

關鍵字

抑制 ； 工作記憶 ； 轉移 ； 動作表現 ； 兒童

並列摘要

Objective: Executive function and motor performance have been studied and discussed separately in previous studies. However, there is growing consensus that these two concepts may be fundamentally interrelated. from developmental perspective, both executive function and motor development display equally protracted developmental timetable. Functional neuroimaging studies consistently find that when a cognitive task increases activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex it also increases activation in the contralateral cerebellum. Thus, the purpose of this reviewing article is to investigate and summarize the relationship between executive function and motor performance in typically developing children. Methods: A computerized search was conducted in Medline and PubMed to identify relevant studies. The selection criterion for the reviewing articles were studies that (1)investigated the relationship between executive function and motor performance, (2)recruited participants from typically developing children, (3)be written in English, and (4)published from 2002 to 2012. Finally, ten articles were included for reviewing. Results: The results of this review suggest that executive function is significantly related to several specific motor performances, particularly to those required highly motor planning skills such as path drawing, manual dexterity or ball manipulation. On the contrary, no significant relationship was found between the basic motor skills and executive function. In addition, the results also showed that the relationship between executive function and motor performance were higher in children with poorer executive function/motor skills than those who demonstrate average executive function/motor skills. Conclusion: Based on our reviewing, the relationship between executive function and motor performance was significant especially in performing complex motor tasks. In addition, no gold standard definition and instruments were used for measuring the executive function in these studies. Further research with more appropriate definition and assessments in executive function is suggested to validate the mechanism and the relationship between executive function and motor performance.

並列關鍵字

Inhibition ； Working memory ； Shifting ； Motor performance ； Children