楊牧詩中的花蓮語境

詩人楊牧（1940-）為華文世界傑出詩人，1964年出國留學，嗣後即執教於美國。1971年起他幾乎年年返台，更兩度於台大外文系擔任客座教授；1996年束裝回國，籌備東華大學人文社會學院，召喚地域文化研究，帶動花蓮文學研討。其詩作具有鮮明的文化背景、社會情境，旅居美國時的作品，也常有鮭魚迴游、涉足入海、遙想台灣的意象。詩人出國前、旅居國外時與返台後，因時間遷移、環境變化，其詩作之情感結構、表現方法必然不同，即使是處理同一主題。本文以象徵詩學及原型批評的閱讀方法，分析其詩作與家鄉有關的想像、內涵，藉楊牧不同階段的人生經驗，覆按其詩中的花蓮語境（記憶中現實的，與心靈隱喻的，都是不隨時光遷移的磁場），不僅為研究具代表性的台灣意象及地域感性，更在於追蹤這位學院詩人的鄉愁，探察知識追求帶他走向世界後，文化鄉愁帶他回返故鄉的表現。

關鍵字

楊牧；隱喻；花蓮；語境；地域；原型

並列摘要

A prominent poet in Chinese literature world, Yang Mu (1940-) travelled to the U. S. for academic pursuit in 1964 and stayed on to take up teaching jobs in the universities there. However, since 1971, he has regularly returned to Taiwan and twice taught at the National Taiwan University as a Visiting Professor. In 1996, he came back to preside over the inauguration of the College of Humanities & Social Sciences for National Dong Hwa University, hoping to evoke the interest in the studies of regional cultures and Hualianrelated literatures. Yang Mu's poetry demonstrates vivid cultural and social auras. His works written abroad often bear images of the great migration of the salmons, or the setting of foot into the sea longing for home afar. With the change of time and space, noticeable differences could be witnessed in the emotional structures and expressional methods in his work in different stages of life, i.e, before his leaving Taiwan, during his stay abroad and after his homecoming.Reading Yang Mu's works with symbolism and archetypal criticism methods in mind, this article tries to analyze the imaginations and connotations which relate to Yang Mu's hometown, Hualian, a magnetic field for him forever unchanged by time and space, in his poetry. To decode his linguistic contexts concerning Hualian while referring to his real life experiences, is not only a way to study the characteristic images of Taiwan and its standpoints as a unique region, but also to trace the poet's nostalgic yearnings and how, after the intellectual pursuit leading him to the outside world and later the cultural nostalgia bringing him back home, the experiences have left imprints in his works.