癌症預防策略與癌症存活者之照護需求概論

An Introduction to Cancer Prevention Strategies and Cancer Survivors' Care Needs

李茹萍(Ru-Ping Lee)

《源遠護理》 9卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 29-34

https://doi.org/10.6530/YYN/2015.5.05

摘要

癌症自1982年起位居台灣十大死因之首，且罹癌人數每年有增加的趨勢，就醫療的觀點而言，疾病的控制講求預防重於治療，因此目前有不少防癌的措施漸被重視。而近年來癌症病人的整體存活率有上升的趨勢，對癌症存活者（cancer survivors）而言，瞭解及滿足他們的主要照護需求（care needs）極為重要，這也是護理人員可著力的方向。本篇文章依據相關文獻中，統整出有關預防癌症的策略有：瞭解癌症的危險因子、執行健康的生活型態、加強例行性的癌症篩檢、菸害防制措施的介入和適當的營養素攝取；另外，在癌症存活者的照護需求則包括：對醫療的需求（medical needs）、對訊息的需求（informational needs）、積極聯絡的需求（proactive contact needs）及心理上的需求（psychological needs），藉由本文簡要的說明可提供同仁們在臨床執行實務照護時參考之用。

關鍵字

癌症存活者 ； 癌症預防 ； 照護需求 ； 癌症篩檢 ； 菸害防制

並列摘要

Cancer has been ranked as the number one cause of death in Taiwan since 1982 and there is a trend of increasing cancer incidence. From a medical perspective, disease control emphasizes more on preventive measures; therefore, attention to cancer prevention becomes the focus. This article summarizes strategies on cancer prevention based on literature review including understanding the cancer risk factors, a healthy lifestyle, following recommended cancer screening, tobacco cessation and proper nutrition. The overall cancer survival rate rose in recent years. Cancer survivors' understanding of their own care needs is extremely important. Nursing care of the survivors needs to address their unique requirements in medical, informational, proactive contact, and psychosocial aspects. This article provides a brief description to medical colleagues as a reference in clinical care and practice.

並列關鍵字

cancer survivors ； cancer prevention ； care needs ； cancer screening ； tobacco cessation

參考文獻

Adams, E., Boulton, M., Rose, P., Lund, S., Rich-ardson, A., Wilson, S., & Watson, E. (2011). Views of cancer care reviews in primary care: A qualitative study. British Journal of General Practice, 61(585), 173-182. doi:10.3399/bjg-p11X567108

Cheung, W. Y., Neville, B. A., Cameron, D. B., Cook, E. F., & Earle, C. C. (2009). Compari-sons of patient and physician expectations for cancer survivorship care. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(15), 2489-2495. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.20.3232

Chung, I., Han, G., Seshadri, M., Gillard, B. M., Yu, W. D., Foster, B. A., ... Johnson, C. S. (2009). Role of vitamin D receptor in the antiprolif-erative effects of calcitriol in tumor-derived ndothelial cells and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Cancer Research, 69(3), 967-975. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2307

Cross, H. S. (2007). Extrarenal vitamin D hydrox-ylase expression and activity in normal and malignant cells: Modification of expression by epigenetic mechanisms and dietary substanc-es. Nutrition Reviews, 65(8), S108-112. doi: 10.1301/nr.2007.aug.S108–S112

De Padova, S., Rosti, G., Scarpi, E., Salvioni, R., Amadori, D., & De Giorgi, U. (2011). Italian Germ Cell Cancer Group (IGG): Expectations of survivors, caregivers and healthcare pro-viders for testicular cancer survivorship and quality of life. Tumori, 97(3), 367-373. doi:10.1700/912.10036.