In modern scholarship on Huang Zongxi, there are two main currents in topological determination of his philosophy. While one attributes him to Wang Yangming's School of Mind, the other understands him as a naturalist or materialist. This paper aims to refute both of them. In achieving this goal, it will develop a non-idealistic, non-naturalistic, and non-materialistic reading of Huang's doctrine of qi. Particularly, in terms of a critique of the early Mou Zongsan and Liu Shuxian's misinterpretation, it will introduce a new topology of Huang's thought.
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