詞典編輯與經典詮釋語言比較研究：以《說文解字》與經學文獻用字訓義為論

許慎編輯《說文解字》（以下簡稱《說文》）的動機乃針對於漢代經師釋經的用字混亂現象而起。其意在釐清表述語言的文字其語義的層次，並建立解釋的模式。本文透過當時經典訓詁語料與《說文》釋義之比較，歸結出當時蓬勃的詞義訓詁活動中，實具有兩個層面的內涵。其一，為經典詮釋的立場，由經師依據當時觀念、制度，對該字進行訓詁，此偏向於語境義的詮釋；其二，為詞典編輯的角度，必須追求符合漢字形音義兼備的標準，對該字採語源式的解釋，此則偏向於理性義的訓解。藉由《說文》釋義及經典文獻訓詁的比較，探求漢代語言之核心與非核心義之面貌，做為研究漢語基本常用義與文化詞義交涉情形之參考，進而建立漢語詞義之共時與歷時性質演變的研究模式。

關鍵字

經典詮釋；說文解字；訓詁；用字訓義；語義分析

並列摘要

The phenomenon of confusion in wording caused by scholars' various opinions in the Han Dynasty motivated Hsu Shen to edit ”Shuo Wen Jie Zi”. This work compares the materials of contemporary explanatory notes with ”Shuo Wen Jie Zi” and concludes that the booming classical Chinese semantics at that time has two layers of meaning practically. First of all, to have an eminent interpretation, one character is subjectively interpreted by scholars according to contemporary social concept, custom and institution. The semantic gloss is prone to the interpretation of speech situation. Secondly, for the purpose of meeting the Chinese standard uniting form, phonetic element and ideograph, one word is explained etymologically from the viewpoint of dictionary editing and it will be apt to be explained literally.The main idea of this work is to compare above actual conditions on how we explain meaning with characters and to explore the shapes of both core and non-core meanings of languages in the Han Dynasty by means of the comparison research of ”Shuo Wen Jie Zi” and the classical literature of the Han Dynasty not only for the purpose of acting as a reference studying Chinese basic meaning of words and dynastic semantics, but also discovering the evolvement of synchronic and diachronic in Chinese with a view to constructing the reference model for research.