「話本」與「演義」的關係：以〈《古今小說》敘〉為討論中心

在話本體小說研究中，有關「話本」定義和「擬話本」概念使用的合宜性問題，相關爭論迄今未成定論。筆者根據馮夢龍〈《古今小說》敘〉一文進行考察，從中發現馮夢龍有以「演義」（通俗演義）共同指稱今之所謂「長篇章回小說」和「短篇話本小說」的情形，因此引發筆者關注「話本」與「演義」的關係。本文之提出，即針對「話本體」小說的定義和文體概念的釐清而來。首先，就「話本」與「擬話本」的定義及其爭論問題進行說明；其次根據〈《古今小說》敘〉所揭示的「小說」觀念進行重探和解讀；再次，針對「短篇通俗演義」的文體慣例和話語表現進行確認。經由上述研究，筆者嘗試針對話本體小說研究中所存在的爭論提出解決看法，並為重新考察明清短篇通俗小說創作的文體流變情形，建立後續研究的理論基礎。

關鍵字

話本；擬話本；演義；古今小說；馮夢龍

並列摘要

Studies on fiction based on the style of ＂Huaben＂ (話本, story-telling scripts) have not, as of yet, developed a final conclusion regarding the definition of ＂story-telling scripts＂ or the suitability of implementing the concept of ＂Simulant Huaben＂ (擬話本, a fiction written in the style of a story-telling script). I investigated preface on ＂Ku-chin Hsiao-shuo＂ (古今小說) by Feng Menglong (馮夢龍), and observed Feng’s references to both ＂Zhanghui novel＂ (章回小說，long novels in chapters) and ＂Huaben fiction＂ (話本小說) as ＂Yanyi＂ (演義, 通俗演義). Consequently, I focused on the relationship between ＂Huaben＂ (話本) and ＂Yanyi＂ (演義). The objective of this study is to clarify and elucidate ＂novels based on the style of Huaben＂ (story-telling scripts) and their stylistic concepts. First, the definitions and relevantdebates regarding ＂Huaben＂ and ＂Simulant Hua Ben＂ are explained. Next, the concept of ＂Xiaoshuols＂ (小說) proposed in preface on ＂Ku-chin Hsiao-shuo＂ are reexamined and analyzed. Finally, the stylistic conventions and discourse expressions of ＂short Yanyi＂ (短篇通俗演義) are verified. Based on the mentioned process, I proposes a solution for existing controversies in the research of novels that adopta story-telling script style and creates a theoretical foundation for future studies re-examining stylistic changes in the creation of Ming-Qing popular short stories.