都市原住民部落之拆遷與法制問題探析

數千年前即生活在臺灣島上的原住民族，本過著漁獵採集自給自足的生活。因幾百年來外族的入侵，社會經濟文化各方面劇變，傳統領域逐漸喪失。貨幣經濟消費習慣進入原住民社會後，原住民社會在結構上經歷若干根本性的變革，並以大量外移至都市以為因應，其中一部分形成了都市原住民部落。惟都市原住民部落土地使用模式牴觸『都市計畫法』、『山坡地保育利用條例』、『水利法』等相關法令限制，致生違建拆遷問題。本文嘗試從原住民遷移至都市之歷史，探討都市原住民為何遠離原鄉及其所面臨的問題、何以對都市原住民部落應特別重視的理由；並從法制面研析拆遷相關問題之產生，進一步以平等權觀點，檢視都市原民部落之拆遷應不同於一般拆遷戶安置之結論，最後並提出相關法制方向建議。文末建議對於都市原住民部落重新思考原地保留的可行性，以取代爭議的拆遷作為。除了基於憲法多元文化與原住民族權益的保障義務外，都市原住民部落保留獨特文化，若逕以違建拆除將斬除發展生機。現行法令已產生原住民權益受損或歧視性待遇之實質不平等，為彌補以往政府歧視之錯誤及未來對於資源能平等分配，對於都市原住民部落理應為優惠性差別待遇，尊重其自主意願，設想原地安置的可能方式。未來審查『原住民身分法』、『原住民族自治區法草案』及『原住民族土地及海域法草案』時，亦應配合考量都市原住民部落之發展問題，增列相關保障。

關鍵字

都市原住民；原住民族；平等權

並列摘要

Indigenous peoples have lived in Taiwan for thousands of years. By fishing and hunting, they lived a self-sufficient lifestyle. Due to the invasions of foreign peoples (now the dominant class), indigenous peoples have been suffered from the loss of traditional territories and the upheaval of social conditions. When capitalism was introduced, it has revolutionized the structure of the indigenous society. One obvious change is a large amount of aborigines have migrated to urban areas-they are so-called urban indigenous tribes. Living in urban areas is no easy task for indigenous peoples. Their lifestyle has challenged the contemporary laws and triggered off social problems.This study revolves around the aspects of the history of the migration of the indigenous peoples and the reasons they chose to move to cities. Furthermore, this study attaches great importance to social equality to analyze the issue of the demolition and resettlement of their urban communities. At last, this study argues a different measure to treat urban indigenous communities and suggests future amendment to relevant bills.Instead of tearing down their properties, this study proposes that urban indigenous peoples could retain their communities. Demolishing urban indigenous communities could not only violate their constitutional rights but also destroy their unique cultures once again. The existing law has discriminated against indigenous peoples in many aspects. To make up these mistakes and to respect their autonomous status, give preference to indigenous peoples seems to be a reasonable proposal. In order to promote the development and protection of the urban indigenous communities, all the relevant legislations must be thoroughly considered in the future.