從歷史看撒奇萊雅族的民族關係

撒奇萊雅族的神話故事，說明與阿美族係出同源，但卻與阿美族的神話故事結果不同。北部阿美族認為在其登陸於奇萊平原定居時，撒奇萊雅族就已經存在於平原上。從考古資料顯示，奇萊平原至少存在著兩個不同的文化。歷史文獻上記載，荷蘭人與撒奇萊雅族曾經接觸過，西班牙文獻還記錄著撒奇萊雅族有自己的語言，也會使用巴賽語。撒奇萊雅族曾與宜蘭遷徙而來的Tarraboan人接壤，並與加禮宛人一同與清軍作戰，漢文獻稱為「加禮宛事件」。在事件中，撒奇萊雅族與阿美族的七腳川社處於敵對狀態，到了日治時期的七腳川事件，撒奇萊雅族反而幫助日軍攻打七腳川社。加禮宛事件後，大部分族人遷往阿美族聚落居住，受阿美族文化影響甚深，但仍保留有與阿美族相異的文化特色，語言以及建築型態可以明顯觀察其差異。從日治時代，撒奇萊雅族被歸類在阿美族之下，雖然文化上有些差異，但撒奇萊雅族仍認為是阿美族下的特殊人群。隨著原住民正名運動的興起，讓撒奇萊雅族也開始提出正名的訴求，最後能夠正名成功，關鍵在於阿美族的認可。撒奇萊雅族早期與阿美族以外之民族，特別是由台灣北部南下至東部的人群，互動上顯得熱絡。加禮宛事件的發生，原先多方位的民族關係，急遽的朝阿美族傾斜。

關鍵字

撒奇萊雅族； Sakizaya ；民族關係；正名運動

並列摘要

While legends of the Sakizaya People attest that they share the same origin with the Amis People, Northern Amis would avow that the Sakizaya had already resided in the plains when their ancestors landed at Hualien plains. In the past, the Sakizaya had joined the Kalyawan in the fights against the Qing, known as the ”Kalyawan Event,” where the Sakizaya and the Cikasoan Amis were pitted against each other. During Japanese the rule, however, the Sakizaya came to the Cikasoan's rescue against the Japanese. After the Kalyawan Event, most of the Sakizaya moved to the Ami tribal villages. Having had lived under Ami cultural influence, the Sakizaya still retain their distinctive cultural characteristics for self- preservation against the Amis, particularly linguistic and architectural ones. During the Japanese rule, the Sakizaya was classified under the Amis. As the Indigenous Name-rectification Movement came to its existence, the Sakizaya begun to ask for their name returned with Amis' endorsement.