過去原住民因傳統採集狩獵行為違反相關法律,而被處刑罰屢見不鮮。近來雖修法放寬於一定條件下除罪化,但從法律觀點,行為是否違法並不能單從表相以論,更要審度其內涵與究責意義。法律各有立法目的及所保護法益,價值衝突時應衡量協調以求取妥協之道。本文認為採集狩獵所發展出的文化系統是原住民傳統文化重要核心,其與生態保育之價值理念未必對立而有調和空間;就憲法對原住民文化權益之維護與實質平等之主張,法律應考量文化慣習之特殊性與差異性而非一體適用;原住民之採集狩獵行為不具有重大之犯罪意涵,在法制實務面上應進一步加以除罪並尋求平衡之作法機制。以落實憲法對原住民文化權益的保障與環境正義的要求,同時兼顧生態保育與原住民傳統文化之並行不悖與法益衡平。
The Indigenous Peoples have been punished by the law because of their gathering and hunting behavior. Are the value of gathering and hunting behavior and that of the ecological conservation necessarily contradictory? Is it possible to accommodate them? The purpose of this article is to answer the above questions by offering some suggestions for further legislative emendations the three laws concerned: the Forestry Act, the Wildlife Conservation Act, and the Control Act of Guns, Bombing and Weapons. In the beginning, we will review the confrontation among the laws and some legislative emendatory attempts individually. Secondly, we will seek to figure out the relations between the culture context and the ecological conservation. Finally, we will endeavor to offer some legislative solutions.
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