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嵌入其中或獨立其外:當代中國佛教思想家的儒家觀

To Integrate or Not: Discourse on the Concept of Confucianism of Modern Chinese Buddhist Thinkers

摘要


在遭遇西方文明之前的中國文化之基本模態,可以「三教相互滲透結合」來說明,具有多元性與含混性。但接觸西方文明之後,傳統中國宗教存在的社會背景改變了,中國傳統宗教在現代發展的一個趨勢,經歷了一個從混同到再劃分的過程。在此背景下,一部分現代化的佛教,基本上走的是分離的路,脫離儒道的色彩,而尋求佛教的更純粹化。但在此同時,固守傳統中國佛教者,則仍然嘗試在此分疏的潮流中,繼續結合儒道的傳統。就此而言,對現代佛教來說,如何定位儒家,呈現出不同的方向。本論文以中國現代佛教三位最重要的思想家:印光大師、歐陽竟無居士、太虛大師為例,觀察各家對此一課題的態度,分疏其「嵌入乎其中」與「獨立乎其外」兩種不同的方向。

並列摘要


Before encountering Western civilization, Chinese culture may describe as 'interpenetration and combination of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism'. However, after that, the social foundation of traditional religions changed, and in the process of modernization, there was a new process of fusion and division. In this context, some contemporary Buddhist thinkers trend to distinguish themselves from Confucianism and Taoism, and try to seek pure Buddhism. At the same time, some conservative Buddhists still try to keep the tradition of combining Confucianism and Taoism. In this regard, how contemporary Chinese Buddhist thinkers see Confucianism has showed different tendencies. This paper takes the three most important Buddhist thinkers: Master Yin Guang (印光), Ou Yang Jain (歐陽漸) and Tai Shi (太虛) as examples to research their attitudes, and show the different perspectives on Confucianism.

延伸閱讀