由『女德』看瀨戶內寂聽出家的問題

瀨戶內晴美（法名：寂聽）是位知名的日本女流文學作家，出版過多部出色的小說。但最讓人感到詫異的是，她選擇在文壇擁有盛名的時刻，拋卻一切，出家為尼。又，出家後的瀨戶內寂聽並沒有封筆，反而以更內斂成熟的技巧繼續活躍於文壇。瀨戶內寂聽之所以選擇出家，固然令外界震驚不已，其實並非無迹可循。她的寫實小說作品『女德』一書發表於昭和三十八年，內容描寫女主角氏（Tami）曾經經歷情感的波折與生活的不順遂，多次嘗試自殺未果，最後選擇出家。瀨戶內寂聽出家前，也有過豐富的成情生活，曾歷經戀愛、結婚、外遇、離婚、自殘、不倫之戀等轟轟烈烈的情慾糾葛。就在昭和四十八年，瀨戶內寂聽五十一歲，也就是『女德』一書完成十年之後，他也和書中的主角－民（Tami）一樣，在十年的內心蘊釀之後選擇剃髮出家，遁入空門。凡此可看到她有意無意之間，皆趨步於她筆下的小說人物的人生抉擇。本文的主旨在探討作家對筆下人物的情感投射作用，以『女德』一書中民（Tami）和瀨戶內寂聽的「出家」為對照，藉由探討民（Tami）出家之心路歷程，進而探究瀨戶內寂聽對於自我人生的內心感發和自我的反思，發現她和民（Tami）二人的出家，有著許多共通處，而且似乎都不是源自對宗教的熱誠，而是找尋自我情感解脫之路，進而積極尋求出家一途。

關鍵字

文學；出家；瀨戶內寂聽；情慾

並列摘要

Setouchi zyakutyou was a famous writer of Japanese women literature. She wrote many outstanding novels published. Most people feel surprised that she decided to be a nun while she was a famous writer. Instead, she did not stop writing and continue to be more active in the literary world. Her realistic novels ”female moral” book published in Showa thirty-eight years. The hero of the novel-Tami had the experience of emotional vicissitudes and life's going wrong. She tried to commit suicide several times but unsuccessful, finally she decided to be a nun. Setouchi nun had a rich emotional life once, which experienced love, marriage, affairs, divorce, self-mutilation, and other vigorous passion disputes. When Setouchi was fifty-one years old, as the book ”female moral” was completed ten years later. She did the same thing just like the protagonist (Tami) did, Setouchi decided to be a nun and entered a monastery. What she decided to do is more and more close to Tami did. This article aims to examine the characters feelings and writers' projection effects actor (Tami) of ”female moral”. Moreover, compare what is different between Setouchi and Tami. By investigating the actor (Tami) a nun of the spiritual path, Setouchi further, explore the life of the inner sense for self-development and self-reflection, finding her and two of the nuns. They have much common ground, and they did not firmly believe in religious. Both of them had same feelings and similar life experience.