變化中的汐止音：一個台灣社會方言學的個案研究

On-going Sound Changes in Sikci Dialect: A Case Study of Taiwanese Minnan in Sociolinguistic Standpoint

洪惟仁 ； Ui-Jin Ang

《聲韻論叢》 13期 (2004/04) Pp. 219-250

https://doi.org/10.29753/CP.200404.0009

摘要

本文運用社會語言學的方法，探討台灣最古老的泉腔方言之一：台北縣汐止市方言進行中的音韻變化。研究顯示這個方言正依照詞彙擴散、結構擴散的原理，進行著音變。汐止方言的音變可分外在因素和內在因素。外在因素指汐止方言特殊的變體因爲普通台灣腔的壓倒性優勢，以及華語在政治、文化、教育上強大影響力而發生的變化；內在因素指的是音位的功能負荷和有標性或音韻結構觸發的變化，內外兩者對於汐止的音變都扮演著同樣重要的作用。譬如由/dz/變/l/，顯然是因爲/dz/的功能負荷太低，央元音的崩潰以及聲調的平調化與中調化乃歸因於音位的、以及音韻結構的有標性。但是如果沒有外在因素的影響這些變化不可能這麼快進行。

並列摘要

This is a case study of on-going sound changes in Sikci Dialect, one of the oldest variety of Quanzhou dialect, in Taipei County, from a sociolinguistic standpoint. The data show that the sound changes proceeds in the manner of lexical diffusion and structural diffusion.Sound changes of Sikci dialect are triggered by both external and internal factors. External factors are responsible for the decline of special variants of Sikci dialect under the overwhelming influence of general Taiwanese and due to the political, cultural and educational predominance of Mandarin. However, internal factors play an equally important role in effecting sound changes in Sikci dialect. These factors are functional load, markedness of phonemes and phonological structure that motivate sound changes and determine the course of changes. For example, the change of /dz/ to /l/ has a bearing on functional load, and the collapse of central vowels and the tone leveling or mid-toning can be attributed to the markedness of phonemes or phonological structure. But it may not be so quick if lack of the triggering of external factors.