傅柯觀點：運動中的學長制與權力

Michel Foucault: The Hierarchy of Power in Sport

薛名淳(Ming-Chun Hsueh) ； 胡崇偉(Chung-Wei Hu) ； 鄭家惠(Chia-Hui Cheng) ； 林明佳(Ming-Chia Lin)

《運動研究》 21卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 59-72

https://doi.org/10.6167/JSR/2012.21(2)5

摘要

目的：本文目的旨在探討國內運動國隊中，隨處可見的學長制權力現象。具體而言，以傅柯的核心議題「權力」作為理論基礎，探究運動中「學長制」。方法：本研究基於後結構主義（post-structuralism）的社會科學理論進行研究，分別以參與觀察、半結構式訪談的方式來蒐集資料，並針對六名具有學長制經驗之運動員、教練進行訪談，並運用主題分析法與比較分析法進行資料編碼與分類。結果：經分析比較與討論後，所得之歸納結果如下：一、傅柯反對的權力觀點：權力僅有「否定與限制」的關係、權力僅存在於「立法」的功能中、權力只透過某種「禁律」予以控制；二、傅柯支持的權力觀：有權力亦有反抗、權力不存在於一定的目的及方向；三、內部技術－凝視的權力；四、外部技術－自我監禁。結論：除了由上對下的權力壓制外，尚存有一種下對上的反抗權力面，說明精緻的權力系統正無所不在的滲透運動中的學長制。再進一步細觀，則尚存有學長不當管教及學弟抵抗程度問題，值得教練與未來研究加以關注。

關鍵字

制度 ； 宰制 ； 運動團體

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the hierarchy of power in sports. This study was based on Michel Foucault's concept of power to analyze the phenomena of power in sports. Methods: This study, based on poststructuralist social science theory. An observation and semi-structured interview was utilized to collect data by the researchers. An in-depth interview conducted with six athletes and coach who had experienced in the hierarchy of power in sports, the data coding were through thematic analysis and comparative analysis. Results: The results of this study were: (1) Michel Foucault counterview of power: The power was negative and restrictive, the power was a part of legislation, the power was prohibit to bridle. (2) Michel Foucault's Concept of power: power and resist were coexisting, there was complexing relations, power was not fixed of purpose and direction. (3) Power to gaze. (4) self-imprisonment. Conclusion: In addition to power oppress from top to bottom, it was also found reverse power resistance. It illustrated that exquisite power has to permeate in hierarchy in sports. Furthermore, senior's inappropriate discipline and junior's resistance to senior's discipline issue will be a specific issue for further research.

並列關鍵字

Institution ； Domination ； Sport organizations

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