中部地區主要蔬菜栽培之土壤障害因子調查

Studies on the Soii Retarded-Growth Factors of Vegetable Farm in Central Taiwan

黃祥慶(H. C. Huang) ； 蔡宜峰(Y. F. Tsai) ； 賴文龍(W. L. Lay)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 24期 (1989/09) Pp. 63-70

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.198909.0063

摘要

在針對可能影響中部地區主要經濟蔬菜作物如豌豆、甘藍、茄子及韭菜等之栽培土壤障害因子調查研究顯示，大多數蔬菜栽培區多集中屬於粘板岩沖積土的中性及微鹼性土壤地區，目前蔬菜調查區表土（0～20cm）pH值低於5.5，屬於酸性土壤者佔9.4%，pH值介於5.5～6.5之間，屬於微酸性者佔18.8%，在底土（20～40cm）pH值低於5.5則有4.7%，介於5.5～6.5之間有17.2%，合計蔬菜調查區內表土約有28.2%，底土約有21.9%之土壤pH值屬於酸性。在土壤溶液（土水比1:5）比電導度值（E.C）測定上，蔬菜調查區表土有近三成以上的土壤E.C值高於0.6 mmhos/cm。其中約14.2%大於1.0 mmhos/cm，在底土E.C值亦有10%高於0.6 mmhos/cm。而蔬菜調查區內一般農民施肥量高於作物施肥手冊之推薦量達數倍之多，顯示不當的肥培管理及土壤管理是造成本地區土壤逐漸酸化及土壤E.C值偏高的主要因素之一。

並列摘要

In order to evaluate the soil retarded-growth factors of main vegetables such as sweet pea, cabbage, eggplant and Chinese chive, soils of vegetable growing area in central Taiwan were sampled and analyzed. Results showed that the surface soil (0-20cm) originated from neutral to slightly alkali slate alluvial soils have 9.4% of total investigated samples in strongly acidic (below pH5.5) and 18.8% in slightly acidic (pH5.6-6.5). At the same time, the subsoils (20-40cm) have 4.7% in strongly acidic and 17.2% in slightly acidic reactions. In the total investigated area, there are 28.2% of surface soils and 21.9% of subsoils in acidic reactions. Soil solutions were measured by the specific electrical conductivity (EC) of 1:5 soil and water ratios extracts. It was found that about 30% of surface soils in ths area had EC higher than 0.6 mmhos/cm. Among them, there were 14.2% higher than 1.0 mmhos/cm. For the subsoils, the area had 10% higher than 0.6 mmhos/cm. Fertilizer use in this area are several times higher than the recommended rate. It showed that the over dose of fertilizer might be the main reason of soil acidification and salination.