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蒜種春化與逆春化對大蒜生育之影響

Effects of Seed Clove Vernalization and Devernalization Period on Growth and Yield of Garlic

摘要


本研究以和美硬骨蒜為供試材料,將經過7、14、21及28天10℃春化處理蒜種與30℃逆春化處理0、7、14及21天蒜種栽植於彰化縣大村鄉,以室溫貯藏為對照,藉以探討不同低溫春化及高溫逆春化時間對大蒜生育之影響,期能作為將來早蒜促成栽培之參考。結果顯示14天低溫春化即可打破大蒜之休眠,春化越久萌芽越快,但對整體萌芽率之提高並無影響。隨著春化時間之增加,蒜莖變細,株高變矮,葉數減少,單株鮮重降低,球徑及單球重變小,抽苔率、無瓣蒜及爆蒜增加;但生育日數縮短,因此可提前收穫;其中以21天及28天處理最早,相較於對照可提早46天,14天之處理可提早32天,7天之處理僅提早11天,但產量則分別僅為對照之70.3%、65.2%、78.4%及84.1%。高溫逆春化時間越久,降低種蒜整體發芽率,但可減少植株因春化所造成營養生長之負面效應及抽苔率。隨著逆春化時間增加,蒜株地上部生育情形與對照間差異並不顯著,但無瓣蒜會增加,使得產量低於對照;同時二次生長及爆蒜亦會增加,因而造成大蒜品質的下降。低溫春化確實可以促進大蒜早熟,惟產量會受影響。在兼顧此兩者之狀況下,以14~21天低溫處理較為適宜。此外由於短時間7天高溫逆春化即會改變春化蒜種之後續生長,因此低溫春化蒜種出庫後最好儘早種植。

關鍵字

大蒜 春化 逆春化 抽苔 生長與產量

並列摘要


The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of four vernalization periods (7, 14, 21, 28 days individually/at 10°C) prior to the seed cloves planting and four devernalization periods (0, 7, 14, 21 days individually/at 30°C) on growth and yield of Homei garlic at Tatsuen. The results showed that preplanting storage of seed cloves under 10°C for 28 days had faster germination speed than 14 and 21 days, but germination percentage couldn't increase after all. Accompanying with the extension of vernalization periods, causing thinner stem, reducing of plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, plant weight, yield, bulb weight and bulb diameter but shorting vegetative growth, accelerating maturing and enhancing bolting rate, noncloves and bulb percentage. Devernalization could decrease germination percentage but promote vegetative growth associating with devernalization periods prolonged. Devernalization produced more noncloves and rough bulb that was negative for garlic quality but reduced bolting rate. In the viewpoint of yield and harvest date, either 14 or 21 days vernalization are suggested in order to hasten garlic maturity and remain suitable yield. Short period (7 days) devernalization could change garlic growth afterwards. When vernalization seed cloves are took off from cooling chamber, to plant the cloves as soon as possible is also recommended.

並列關鍵字

garlic vernalization devernalization bolting growth yield

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