施用氮及鉀肥料對虎頭蘭生育、花卉品質及養分含量之影響

Effects of N and K Fertilization on the Growth Characteristics, Flower Quality and Chemical Componient of Cymbidium Orchid

蔡宜峯(Yi-Fong Tsai) ； 郭雅紋(Ya-Wen Kuo) ； 洪惠娟(Hui-Chuan Hung)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 109期 (2010/12) Pp. 15-27

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.201012.0015

摘要

本研究目的為探討不同氮肥及鉀肥用量處理對虎頭蘭植株生育、花卉品質特性及氮、磷、鉀等營養要素含量之影響，以期建立合理的施肥技術，供日後研究與應用之參考。試驗處理包括A) N 500 and K2O 500 mg/L/pot/month, B) N 500 and K2O 250 mg/L/pot/month, C) N 250 and K2O 500 mg/L/pot/month, D) N 250 and K2O 250 mg/L/pot/month, CK)農民慣用法等5種處理。試驗結果顯示，在虎頭蘭營養生長期，肯尼品種植株地上部、根部及新芽氮含量隨氮肥施用濃度增加而增加，雪莉羅曼史品種不同植株部位之氮含量在不同量肥料處理間無顯著差異，肯尼品種植株根部、假球莖及新芽之鉀含量，以及雪莉羅曼史品種植株地上部及假球莖之鉀含量則隨鉀肥施用濃度增加而增加。肯尼品種植株新芽數及雪莉羅曼史品種植株葉片數以施用含氮500 mg/L及氧化鉀250 mg/L之肥料處理較高。在虎頭蘭開花期，肯尼及雪莉羅曼史品種之花梗氮含量隨氮肥濃度增加而增加，肯尼品種植株根部、假球莖及花梗之鉀含量；以及雪莉羅曼史品種植株根部鉀含量則隨鉀肥濃度增加而增加。肯尼品種之花梗數以施用含氮500 mg/L及氧化鉀500 mg/L之肥料處理較高，雪莉羅曼史品種之花卉品質性狀在不同肥料處理間差異不顯著。因此，在虎頭蘭營養生長期施用氮肥N 500 mg/L/pot/month配合鉀肥K2O 250 mg/L/pot/month，在虎頭蘭開花期施用氮肥N 500 mg/L/pot/month配合鉀肥K2O 500 mg/L/pot/month，可做為虎頭蘭合理施用氮及鉀肥料之參考。

關鍵字

虎頭蘭 ； 養分濃度 ； 氮肥 ； 鉀肥

並列摘要

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of the growth characteristics, the flower qualities, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake characteristics of Cymbidium Orchid under the different application rates of chemical N and K fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted with five treatments, A) N 500 and K2O 500 mg/L/pot/month, B) N 500 and K2O 250 mg/L/pot/month, C) N 250 and K2O 500 mg/L/pot/month, D) N 250 and K2O 250 mg/L/pot/month, CK) the conventional fertilization of farmer. At vegetative growth stage, the results indicated that the N content of the shoot, root and new bud increased by increasing the application rate of N fertilizer in Kenny variety. The N content of plant had not significant differences between the fertilizer treatments in Shirley variety. The K contents of the root, pseudo bulb and new bud increased by increasing the application rate of K fertilizer in Kenny variety, and that also showed on the K content of the shoot and pseudo bulb in Shirley variety. The number of new bud in Kenny variety and the number of leaf in Shirley variety were higher on applying N 500 mg/L and K2O 250 mg/L. At flowering stage, the results indicated that the N content of flower stalk of both in varieties increased by increasing the application rate of N fertilizer. The K content of the root, pseudo bulb and flower stalk increased by increasing the application rate of K fertilizer in Kenny variety, and that also showed on the K content of the root in Shirley variety. The number of flower stalk in Kenny variety was higher on applying N 500 mg/L and K2O 500 mg/L. The flower qualities in Shirley variety had not significant differences between the fertilizer treatments. Therefore, the liquid fertilizer on the application of N 500 and K2O 250 mg/L/pot/month and N 500 and K2O 500 mg/L/pot/month could be appropriated on the cultivation of Cymbidium Orchid at vegetative growth stage and flowering stage, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Cymbidium Orchid ； nutrient concentration ； nitrogen fertilizer ； potassium fertilizer