從韓國參訪見聞談國蘭的催花及採後處理技術

Current Status of Korean Cymbidium Industry, with Emphasis on Flowering Regulation and Postharvest Techniques for Taiwanese-Korean Cymbidium Relay Cultivation

張耀乾(Alex Yao-Chien Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 130號 (2015/11) Pp. 53-64

摘要

國蘭為臺灣出口排名第三位的蘭科作物，主要外銷至韓國。但過去數年，國蘭銷韓數量不再成長，甚至呈現下降情形。因此本人於2014年7月31日至8月7日間赴韓瞭解韓國國蘭市場現況，以及臺韓間國蘭接力栽培的可能問題。韓國近來因經濟不景氣，且禁止公務人員收受超過30美元的禮物，花卉產值年年下降，2014年蘭花產值為6,428萬美元，佔花卉產值之9.1%。這些數據反應出近年來我國國蘭外銷韓國量值下降之原因。2014年韓國前兩大蘭花之產值分別為蝴蝶蘭2,370萬美元、蕙蘭1,781萬美元。在國蘭接力栽培方面，臺灣國蘭帶水草輸韓有利韓方節約重新上盆之人力並提高溫室週轉率，值得推行。韓國國蘭業者普遍利用植物生長調節劑進行催花作業，但不當的藥劑使用常造成畸形花朵及花梗。目前臺灣已開發出國蘭產期調節相關技術，將有利臺韓的國蘭接力栽培。

關鍵字

小花蕙蘭 ； 開花調節 ； 採收後處理技術

並列摘要

The oriental cymbidiums are an important export commodity in Taiwan and rank third among all our orchid exports. South Korea is the most important export destination for oriental cymbidiums produced in Taiwan; however, the export volume has leveled off and even shown some decreases in the last few years. In order to realize the causes of those decreases and potential problems encountered with the Taiwanese-Korean cymbidium relay cultivation, a field study was conducted from 31 July to 7 August, 2014. The production area and value of floricultural crops have exhibited a deceasing trend since year 2007, due to the recession of Korean economy as well as the prohibition against government employees to receive gifts with a value more than 30 US dollars. The value of orchids produced in South Korea in 2014 was only 64.3 million US dollars, accounted for 9.1% of total floriculture production. These statistics corresponded well with the decreasing trend of oriental cymbidium export from Taiwan to South Korea. In 2014, the major two orchids in Korea were phalaenopsis and cymbidium, with the value of 23.7 and 17.8 million USD, respectively. For the cymbidium relay cultivation between Taiwan and Korea, shipping cymbidium potted with sphagnum moss by sea container greatly reduces the labor cost for repotting the plants in Korea. In addition, a fast turnover of greenhouse benches is resulted, due to the improved quality compared with that of bare-root cymbidium. This shipping method is suggested for the future cooperation. The Korean cymbidium growers commonly use plant growth regulators to force the cymbidium into flowering; however, deformed florets and inflorescences are often found on the treated plants. Currently, a new integrated flowering regulation technique for cymbidiums has been developed by the author. Utilizing this technique is expected to benefit the cymbidium relay cultivation between the two countries.

並列關鍵字

oriental cymbidium ； flowering regulation ； postharvest techniques