經濟學中的創業研究：一個歷史性的回顧

Entrepreneurship Research in Economics: A Historical Review

李政(Zheng Li) ； 趙都敏(Du-Min Zhao)

《創業管理研究》 2卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 89-110

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.200703.0004

摘要

創業對財富創造和社會發展的重要意義正在被越來越多的學人所認知，對創業家及其創業精神與活動的研究正在管理學、社會學、心理學等不同學科展開。經濟學研究社會財富的產生和配置，卻對其中的主要承擔者和組織者創業家長期予以忽視。古典經濟學雖然重視創業原素，卻沒有系統的創業家與創業理論研究，新古典經濟學則在馬歇爾之後將創業原素排斥於一般均衡模型之外，結果至今仍無法有效解釋創業家在經濟發展中的特殊角色。與此同時，自坎狄龍開始，薩伊芳、熊彼特、奈特、卡森、鮑莫爾、柯茲納、奧璀茲等一批經濟學家又對創業家及其創新、創業行為給予高度重視，站在不同的學說立場上對創業研究做出貢獻，並由此形成了自立於正統經濟學之外的創業家創新與創業理論。隨著演化經濟學、複雜理論等思想和方法的日漸成熟，隨著創業型經濟在一些國家和地區的浮現，以及創業精神與創業活動作為經濟發展之引擎作用的日益凸顯，一門嶄新的創業經濟學正在興起，並將對主流經濟學理論產生重要、深遠的影響。

關鍵字

創業研究 ； 經濟理論 ； 創業經濟學 ； 文獻回顧

並列摘要

Entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged as an important driver of wealth creation and economy development. Researchers from different disciplines such as management, sociology and psychology are attracted to the field of entrepreneurship research. As the key role among economic activities, it is a pity that entrepreneur and entrepreneurship was neglected by most mainstream economist for a long time. Neoclassical economics couldn't explain the contribution of entrepreneurship in economic development till now. Richard Cantillon was the first to point out that there is an entrepreneurial function within the economic system. From then on, some economists including Jean-Baptiste Say, Alfred Marshall, Joseph Schumpeter, Frank Knight, Israel Kirzner, William Baumol, Mark Casson, David Audretsch and so on paid much attention to entrepreneurship, as a result, there emerged new economic theory of innovation and entrepreneurship. Following the development of the method of Complexity Theory and Evolutionary Economics and the emerging of entrepreneurial economies, a new independent academic subject entrepreneurship economics is emerging, which will continue to make a deep impact on mainstream economics.

並列關鍵字

Entrepreneurship Research ； Economic Theory ； Entrepreneurship Economics ； Literature Review