以石墨烯類材料作為吸附劑去除水中藥品或其他有機／無機污染物

Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Organic/inorganic Pollutants in Water by Using Graphene-based Adsorbents

陳威翔(Wei-Hsiang Chen) ； 黃章瑞(Chang-Jui Huang)

《化學》 75卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 333-343

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2017035

摘要

家庭與工業、農業活動等不同來源廢污水排放已引起許多水污染問題，其中藥品本身及衍生有害副產物對環境與公共健康之危害已被認定為一種重要環境污染物。目前在水中藥品污染物之處理技術改良或開發議題中，以石墨烯類材料(如石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、還原氧化石墨烯)作為吸附劑去除水中藥品是一種極具開發潛力的替代方案。石墨烯類材料具有以碳為主結構、高比表面積和可修飾官能基團等特性與二維結構可有效吸附具類似維度結構之化合物，可應用於去除廢污水中藥品或其它不同有機與無機污染物。本文首先介紹環境中藥品類污染物來源與環境流佈，對環境和人體健康之可能危害、以及常見之處理技術與方法，接續討論石墨烯類材料的製備與改質以及吸附去除水中藥品污染物或其它有機或無機污染物的可行性，最後補充說明石墨烯類材料用於水中吸附處理技術時可能衍生之穩定性與生物抑制性等問題，希冀藉由本文討論內容簡要介紹以石墨烯類新穎吸附材料去除水中藥品類新興污染物或其他有機或無機物之可行性及未來發展方向。

關鍵字

石墨烯 ； 氧化石墨烯 ； 吸附 ； 藥品 ； 有機污染物 ； 重金屬

並列摘要

The release of pharmaceutical pollutants from a variety of sources including domestic and industrial wastewaters and agricultural activities have been acknowledged as an increasingly important water pollution given the adverse effects of these compounds on the environment and public health. As conventional treatment technologies are ineffective for pharmaceutical removal, adsorption by using graphene-based materials represents one alternative to treat pharmaceuticals in different water bodies. With the characteristics of graphene-based materials including the carbon structures, high specific surface areas, and modifiable functional groups, these two-dimensional materials are possible adsorbent candidates for removing compounds with a similar dimension including pharmaceuticals and other organic and inorganic contaminants in water and wastewater treatment processes. This chapter introduces the occurrence, adverse environmental and human health effects, and conventional treatment technologies of pharmaceuticals, followed by preparation and modification of graphene-based adsorbents, and their applications for removals of pharmaceuticals and other organic/inorganic pollutants. Additional descriptions associated with the stability and toxicity of the graphene-based materials are given. This chapter provides the information regarding the applications of graphene as novel adsorbents to remove pharmaceutical contaminants of emerging concern in the aqueous phase.

並列關鍵字

Graphene ； Graphene oxide ； Adsorption ； Pharmaceutical ； Organic pollutant ； Heavy metal