宗密之援易說佛及其易學圓相圖式述考

宗密的佛教思想是對隋唐宗派佛教思想的階段性總結，在禪宗興起的歷史關頭具有開創性意義，並深刻揭示了隋唐以來儒道釋三教由分流而終於合一的中國文化大勢，之後還對宋代理學思潮及宋明以後禪學的發展發生了根本影響。宗密佛教思想體系中的援易說佛內容是其特色之一。援易說佛非自宗密始，但是宗密與前人相比具有自己的重要特色。本文從宗密之佛教本體論立場與漢易「太易說」的關係理論出發，討論了宗密以易說佛思想，指出宗密的援易說佛思想結構嚴謹，創造以易學「圓相」解說佛教教理的方法論理路，並從「宗密援用易學圓相圖式詮說佛教的方法及引出的問題」、「坎離匡廓圖」、「月體圓相圖」及「阿賴耶識圓相雙十重結構圖」四個方面展開具體討論，指出其易學圓相圖式主要取自《周易參同契》。本文最後部分對宗密易、佛會通思想的歷史價值進行評價。首先是比較了宗密與李通玄的易、佛會通思想，討論了宗密與李通玄二家在方法論方面的差別。其次作者指出宗密援用易學圓相圖式詮說佛教無論在思想方法還是在表現形式上，都給予宋明理學以及佛教界以巨大啟發，以至於極深地影響了中國文化儒道佛三家生存和發展的總體格局。

關鍵字

1.宗密； 2.佛教； 3.《周易》； 4.《周易參同契》； 5.圓相圖式； 6. ；歷史價值

並列摘要

Zongmi's Buddhist thought is a historical summary of the Buddhist schools of thought in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It is part of the historical trend beginning in the Tang in which the three separate teachings of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism were brought together. His thought also had a fundamental influence on Song Neo-Confucianism and the development of Chan in the Song, Ming, and subsequent dynasties. The use of the Yijing to interpret Buddhism is one of the characteristics of his thought. Although Zongmi is not the first person to use the Yijing to explain Buddhism, his thought had unique qualities not found in his predecessors. This paper begins with a discussion of the relationship between Zongmi's Buddhist category of ontology and the theory of the ＂great Yi＂ (taiyi 太易)from the Han Dynasty, then discusses the manner in which Zongmi explains Buddhist thought with the Yijing. It then illustrates the precision with which he does this: Zongmi creates the methodological approach of using images of circles (yuanxiang 圓相),found in the Yijing tradition, to explain Buddhist teachings. This paper specifically discusses this in four aspects: 1. Zongmi's method of using circle diagrams from the Yijing tradition and the questions elicited therefrom; 2. the image of Kanli's diagram (坎離匡廓圖); 3. circle diagrams of moon phases (月體圓相圖);4. alayavijñana's tenfold circle diagram (阿賴耶識圓相十重圖). The above discussion indicates that Zongmi's application of the circle diagrams from the Yijing tradition was taken from an ancient Chinese text, the Zhouyi cantong qi 周易參同契. The last part of this paper assesses the historical value of Zongmi's integration of the Yijing tradition and Buddhism. First, Zongmi's concept of this integration is compared with that of Li Tongxuan, followed by a discussion of the methodological differences between them. Second, the author points out that Zongmi's use of circle diagrams from the Yijing tradition to interpret Buddhism - both in terms of methodology and manner of expression - greatly informed Song-Ming Neo- Confucianism as well as Buddhism. This deeply influenced the entire Chinese cultural trend of the existence and development of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.