生命中不可再現之痛：論戰爭紀念博物館之展示與敘事策略

The Indescribable Trauma of Life: Exhibition and Narrative Strategies of War Memorial Museums

陳佳利(Chia-Li Chen)

《博物館學季刊》 21卷1期 (2007/01) Pp. 45-59

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.200701_21(1).0004

摘要

二十世紀隨著戰爭人禍之日益擴展，其所帶來的災難，已超過博物館展示之傳統美學與語言所能再現與詮釋，為生命中不可再現之痛。然而因應時代需求而蓬勃發展之戰爭紀念博物館，運用大量「真實」物件來建構其歷史論述，使觀眾視其為史實之再現，並形塑以移情為主之體驗式博物館經驗。究竟博物館是如何呈現並且建構人類歷史中不可再現之創傷?而觀眾又是如何透過博物館之展示手法與敘事來經驗歷史悲劇?本文將就現有之戰爭紀念博物館如何運用展示及敘事策略建構歷史悲劇，分析其元素與手法，並探討所欲營造之氣氛與觀眾經驗，指出展示效果及侷限。最後，本文將運用布萊希特的史詩劇場理論及巴赫汀觀看盈餘之概念，企圖從批判性之文學理論，尋找戰爭紀念博物館可能之敘事與想像。

關鍵字

戰爭紀念博物館 ； 展示敘事策略 ； 猶太浩劫紀念館 ； 觀眾移情經驗

並列摘要

The wars, conflicts and disasters of the 20^(th) century, and the catastrophes and trauma that they inflicted on humankind, are beyond the presentation and interpretation capabilities of conventional aesthetics and language. Nevertheless, there are a growing number of war memorial museums. These museums display a large quantity of real objects to construct historic narratives, which visitors are to regard as faithful representations of history. These objectives and narratives also shape visitor experiences of empathy in the museum, which is far from the objectives of encouraging reflection and the concepts of world peace. How do museums present and construct indescribable and unimaginable trauma? How do visitors experience historical trauma through museum exhibitions and narratives? To answer these research questions, this paper aims to analyze the exhibition strategies of war memorial museums, discuss the atmosphere and visitor experiences that they create, and point out their effects and limitations. Lastly, Brecht’s epic theatre and Bakhtin's theory will be applied to pinpoint alternative possibilities and narratives for war memorial museums to use to fulfill their objectives.

並列關鍵字

war memorial museum ； exhibition & narrative strategy ； the Holocaust Museum ； empathy experience of visitors

參考文獻

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