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從後殖民論述觀點評論台灣兒童圖畫書中的台灣文化再現

A Post-Colonial Critique of The Representation of Taiwanese Culture in Children's Picturebooks

摘要


這個研究在於探究以「台灣」為套書名稱,於2001至2004年間所出版的三套共二十二本圖畫書其中所再現的台灣文化,並從Bhabha的「文化混雜性」以及Fanon的「國家文化」的觀點進行評論。這三套書皆是由台灣作家與插畫家所創作的,分別於2001年由遠流再版的【火金姑民間故事繪本系列】、2002年青林出版的【台灣兒童圖畫書】,與2003年遠流出版的【台灣真少年】。從內容的部分來看,在這些圖畫書中有一種共通的文化呈現,就是描寫一種懷鄉的農業時代的台灣社會,是一個反映漢人民俗文化,不受外來文化影響的純粹台灣文化。相反地,文化混雜性則時常出現在圖畫書的形式上;也就是利用一種當代的視覺語言來呈現本土文化,以吸引現在兒童的目光,這樣的作法可以視為是一種策略以重新建構在國民黨時期所被忽略的本土文化。依據Fanon的概念,這是進入到國家文學的第二階段。但是,這樣純粹的台灣文化未必能反映當前的社會現實。根據Bhabha的說法,文化是動態與混雜的,是立基於一種衝突與改變的位置,他稱這個位置為「第三空間」。在這個空間,文化的差異性是協商的、是不斷進行的過程,是含糊的,也是永遠處在不同文化之間。他的看法為台灣文化的定義提供了另一種思考;那就是文化的純粹性(其所代表的是闡述過去台灣文化中浪漫的一面)不是唯一展現台灣文化的方式。編輯、作家及插畫家在創作故事時,對文化的思考也應該將衝突視為文化形成的一種常態過程。

並列摘要


Taiwanese culture reflecting Han Chinese folkways without foreign cultural influences. In contrast, cultural hybridity is frequently shown in the format of the picturebooks. That is, a contemporary visual language is adopted in presenting local culture to attract today's young readers. This constructed representation can be seen as a strategy for recalling and reinstalling the local cultures that had been oppressed and missed in the Kuomintang era, which is in the second phase of the revolution of national literature within a post-colonial society, according Fanon. This pure Taiwanese culture however may not be able to reflect current social reality. According to Bhabha, culture is dynamic and hybrid; it is located in the site of struggles with conflicts and changes, which Bhabha calls the "Third Space." In this space, cultural difference is negotiated and on-going process, which is ambivalent and always "in-between" different cultures. His notion provides an alterative perspective for rethinking the definition of Taiwanese culture. That is, cultural purity, usually representing a romantic light on a culture, is not the only way to define what Taiwanese culture is. Cultural hybridity, seeing conflicts as a usual process of cultural formation, should be taken into consideration when editors, writers, and illustrators create stories.

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