韓國電影產業競爭優勢分析

本研究企圖在近年來韓國電影產業耀眼的光芒之下，探求其競爭優勢的來源，有別於以往對於韓國電影產業的研究論文多偏重於政府政策，本研究希望能以更多元的角度來作探討，同時在蒐集大量的中、英、韓文資料後，更模擬韓國電影產業競爭優勢的互動系統和演變，希望讀者能夠對產業有一更深入的瞭解。本文中以國家競爭力模型的架構切入，以韓國電影產業的歷史為軸線，深入分析韓國電影產業的「需求條件」、「生產因素」、「相關與支援產業」、「企業策略、結構與同業競爭」以及「政府的角色」，探討過去韓國電影產業的互動結構和競爭優勢的來源。簡述鑽石體系各要素分析結果如下：（一）需求條件自1999年開始，國片的市佔率達39.7％，到2005年，甚至高達60％；在海外，尤其是亞洲地區，韓國電影的出口也有很好的成績。（二）生產因素在民間及政府的努力下，擁有豐富的資本、人力、知識資源。（三）企業策略、結構及同業競爭產業內的競爭強度高，電影業的企業目標及製片策略清楚，各環節專業分工，擁有體制健全的產業環境。（四）相關與支援產業製作-發行-映演緊密結合；相關產業間生產資源互相利用。（五）政府政府設立電影主管機關-韓國電影振興委員會（KOFIC），螢幕配額制度、各種補助的規範的設立、電影審查制度的廢除是重大事件。韓國電影產業發展至今，已形成系統動力、自我強化的鑽石體系。在政府的輔助之外，更重要的是各環境要素的內涵有利於競爭優勢的產生，在各要素的互動之下，使得整體產業環境能夠健全發展，才能有今日的成績。

關鍵字

韓國電影；電影產業；國家競爭優勢；鑽石體系

並列摘要

The purpose of this thesis is to find out where is the origin of the competitive advantages of Korean film industry from. This thesis tries to analyze the issue in more diversified points of view rather than only in government policy side. After analyzing a lot of Chinese, English, and Korean data, the thesis simulated the competitive advantage interacted system of Korean film industry and how the competitive advantage changed. The article is based on Porter 's diamond model to analyze the demand conditions, factor conditions, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, related and supporting industries and government factor of Korean film industry in the history frame. The analyses of these key factors are as followed. 1.Demand conditions The market share was 39.7% in 1999; and in 2005 was almost 60%. In other countries, export amount of Korean films also increased. 2.Factor conditions Korean film industry had abundant capital, human resource, and industry knowledge. 3.Firm strategy, structure and rivalry Firms had clear objectives and strategies. Firms competed intensely in well environment. 4.Related and supporting industries There was a strong linkage between film production, distribution, and exhibition. Moreover, film industry leverages the sources with other related industries. 5.Government Funding the Korean Film Council (KOFIC), the screen quota system and the supporting policies were important events. Korean film industry has developed self-strengthen system. Besides the support of government, all environment factors interacting was the most important reason of the success today.