離岸風電產業開發商之競爭策略分析

能源自主、反核文化、節能減碳，綠色環保已成為眾人關注議題。離岸風電是除太陽能、陸域風電外，最有潛力發展之再生能源技術。我國近年推動各項政策如「千架海陸風力機」、「風力發電離岸系統示範獎勵辦法」及明定「電價躉購費率收購」，顯示臺灣發展離岸風電產業之決心，加上穩定的投資環境，吸引國際開發商丹能風力(Dong Energy)、InfraVest、Northland Power，國內則有上緯、永傳能源、力麗建設等企業相繼投入。離岸風電發展始於北歐，至今僅短短二十餘年，2016年6月全球離岸風機的裝置容量已達12.7 GW，三年間成長近百分之70。帶動歐洲諸國風電產業的新興市場與產業基礎，來自丹麥風場開發商丹能風力公司及德國離岸風機製造商西門子（Siemens），皆在產業內占有極高市佔率與競爭力。鑑於離岸風電產業之興起，全球市場自歐洲漸轉移至亞太地區，國際開發商丹能風力將臺灣視為發展亞太市場的第一站。我國擁有極佳發展離岸風電的環境潛力，惟如何造福國內廠商，培植自有供應體系並將國際市場納入未來發展目標。本研究主要貢獻從市場、政策、風險、產業鏈等面向探討離岸風力發電產業的發展。從風場開發商視角歸納離岸風電產業的主要價值活動包含風機系統及海事工程及O&M ，並從風場開發商視角提出離岸風電產業的關鍵成功因素三點：「規模經濟」、「管理及整合能力」、「籌資能力」。大型開發商挾帶豐沛資源與風場開發經驗滲透國際市場來達到規模經濟，然而在追求規模經濟的過程，因交易特性使得大型風場開發商開發商、風機系統、海事工程三方間存在著套牢問題（Hold-up）。最後透過資源基礎觀點及交易成本理論給予企業組織治理結構之建議，提出夥伴關係之建議以期能分散產業風險，達到垂直整合之綜效。

關鍵字

離岸風電產業；資源基礎觀點；交易成本理論；多重個案研究；套牢問題

並列摘要

Green environmental protection is the key issue of social concern. Offshore wind energy is one of the most potential developing market to renewable energy, the global offshore wind installed capacity was reached to 12.7GW in June 2016, the growth rate was 70 percent by three years. Espceially in European, the offshore wind energy industry related supply chain is emerged in European, such as the leading firm to Dong Energy and Siemens in farm development and offshore turbines. Taiwan government determines to develop offshore wind energy, the promoting policies and the stable investment environment which is attracting developers and makers from global and local firms to invest in Taiwan This study states out the KSF to offshore wind Energy industry are as “Economies of Scale”, “Management and Integration Ability” and “Financing skill”. The main contribution of this study is from the view of RBV and TCE, this study analyse presents different ideas from market sides, policies, risks, value chain activities. I deliver the concept of industy’s KSF and governance structure to the firms, it is as a reference to the related firms to develop business strategy.

並列關鍵字

Offshore wind energy ； RBV ； TCE ； Multiple Case Research ； Hold-up

參考文獻

1.Aaker, D.A.,(1984), Strategic Market Management, John Wiley & Sons, New Work.

2.Barney, J.B. (1991), “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, Vol.17, p.99-120.

3.Caves, R. E. and Porter, M. E. (1977), “From entry barriers to mobility barriers: conjectural decisions and contrived deterrence to new competition,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 241-261.

4.“Changing the Scale of Offshore Wind Examining Mega-Projects in the United Kingdom”, Accenture, 2013

9.Williamson, O. E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, New York: Free Press.

國際替代計量

離岸風電產業開發商之競爭策略分析

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