非接觸式電子票證系統推行的效益可分為,使用者效益、運輸業者效益與政府管理者效益三者,於三者效益中,皆提及非接觸式智慧卡可以減少乘客上下公車的時間,進而可以增加公車營運的效率與減少交通壅塞之問題,由此可知,時間節省效益為推行此系統的主要效益之一。 就公車系統而言,相關文獻對於使用者時間節省效益的探討,僅在於乘客本身上下公車時的時間節省效益,此並非乘客使用非接觸式智慧卡所獲得的全部時間節省效益;本研究認為分析項目應包含乘客本身上下公車刷卡付費的時間節省效益、車上已有乘客等待上下車乘客刷卡付費的時間節省效益和公車站上要上車乘客等待上公車的時間節省效益。 本研究依循相關文獻分析的邏輯,加入提出之觀點並依據現行台北市聯營公車之收費方式,建構公車乘客的時間節省效益公式,得到單段票、兩段票與三段票公車路線乘客的時間節省效益公式。經由分析得知,公車乘客的時間節省效益,會隨著每班次公車的總載客數與公車乘客搭乘公車距離的增減而變動,且本研究三種情境推估之時間節省效益值,較以往文獻推估值達二十至七十倍左右之差異,此差異是因為較以往文獻多了平均車上人數之考量,顯示以往推估之效益偏低。最後,期望本研究可為往後估算公車乘客使用非接觸式智慧卡時間節省效益之參考。
The benefit of promoting contactless smart card system contains three parts: bus passengers’ benefit, bus operators’ benefit, and the government’s benefit. Because of contactless smart card making bus passengers’ time of getting on and off reduced, which can increase efficiency of bus operators and further solve the problem of congestion, the benefit of time saving is the major benefit mentioned by all of them. Literatures show that only the time of getting on and off is considered while analyzing the time saving benefit. This study supposes that whole benefit of using contactless smart card should include time saving of passengers getting on and off and the waiting time saving of passengers having been in the vehicle and waiting to getting on. The formula of bus passengers’ time saving benefit was built by different charge rules of Taipei co-operation bus, which implies that bus passengers’ time saving benefit varies with total passengers per frequency and riding distance per passenger. Three scenarios were set in this study to estimate the benefit of time saving. By contrast with results in literatures, it found that value is twenty to seventy times higher. The difference between them is the consideration of average passengers in vehicle, which refers to underestimation of the past results.