六輕離島工業區周界之懸浮微粒及附近居民尿中重金屬濃度之評估研究

Study on Heavy Metals in Particulate Matters and in Urine of Residents in the Vicinity of No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Complex

邊瑋緒(Wei-Hsu Pien)

指導教授 ： 詹長權

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/職業醫學與工業衛生研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.00516

摘要

背景與目的:
六輕離島工業區主要包含了石化工業及火力發電廠等工業，過去的文獻指出此工業區在製程中會放出空氣污染物，且其中所排放之重金屬因為其毒性與持久性，被歸類為最危險的人為環境污染物之一。然而，目前為止較少研究去探討此類型工業區空氣中懸浮微粒之重金屬成份對其周遭居民健康的影響。因此本研究利用六輕離島工業區周界環保署空氣品質測站的監測資料，以及空氣採樣的重金屬濃度和成人尿液中重金屬濃度分佈的情形，去了解六輕離島工業區所排放的金屬污染物對其周遭環境與居民可能造成的暴露為何。

材料與方法:
本研究以六輕離島工業區為中心，依據距離及風向區分出高、低暴露區；在高、低暴露區選定代表的環保署空氣品質測站分析兩地區間空氣污染物的濃度。此外，利用Harvard Impactor進行高、低暴露區空氣中PM10的採樣，而PM10的重金屬含量則透過感應耦合電漿質譜儀(ICP-MS)做分析。另外，自高暴露區和虎尾鎮選取35歲以上的居民共673位，透過健檢及問卷收集尿液以及可能干擾尿液中金屬濃度的因子，並以ICP-MS分析其尿液中重金屬濃度。

結果:
測站資料結果顯示，工業污染指標物SO2的小時平均濃度在台西測站顯著高於低暴露區(崙背及斗六測站)；且不論是在台西測站或低暴露區測站在受影響風向時SO2的小時平均濃度顯著高於非受影響風向。環境空氣採樣部分，低暴露區PM10中銅及鉈的濃度顯著高於高暴露區；釩雖未達統計上顯著差異，但在高暴露區有較高的情形。而居住於六輕離島工業區周界高暴露區的居民其尿液中釩、錳、砷及鍶的濃度經校正性別、年齡、社經地位及其他健康行為等干擾因子後顯著高於虎尾鎮。

結論:
由工業污染指標物SO2的結果可以得知六輕離島工業區對其周界有明顯的影響。除此之外，六輕所排放之金屬污染物對當地環境與居民的影響更反映在空氣採樣及尿液樣本中釩的結果上。然而，更詳盡的研究仍需執行以進一步釐清六輕對其周界環境與居民的衝擊為何。

關鍵字

石化工業 ； 火力發電廠 ； 重金屬 ； 尿液 ； 成人

並列摘要

Background and objective:
No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Plant that includes oil refineries, naphtha cracking plants and coal-fired power plants was indicated a major emission source of air pollutants during its production process. Among these air pollutants, heavy metal was regarded as one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants because of its toxicity and persistency. However, few studies investigated the health effects of heavy metals in particulate matter on the inhabitants living in the vicinity of this kind of industrial area. Therefore, this study used the data from air quality monitoring station, the heavy metal levels of air sampling and the urinary heavy metal levels in adults to investigate the effect of heavy metal pollutants on the environment and inhibitants around No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Plant.

Material and Method:
According to the distance and the wind direction from No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Plant, the study area was divided into high exposure (HE) and low exposure (LE) areas. We selected the representative EPA air quality monitoring stations in HE and LE areas respectively and analyzed the difference in concentrations of air pollutants between HE and LE. In addition, PM10 in air were sampled by Harvard Impactor and the heavy metal levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). A total of 673 study subjects who aged above 35 years old were selected from HE area and Huwei County. Urine and information of potential covariates of urinary metals were collected by the health screen and questionnaire. The concentrations of urinary heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS.
Result:
The results of air quality fron EPA monitoring stations showed that the levels of SO2, an indicator of industrial air pollutants, in Taisi station were significantly higher than that in LE area (Lunbei station and Douliou station), and the SO2 levels during affected wind directions were significantly higher than those during non-affected wind directions in both HE and LE areas. Regarding environment sampling, the levels of copper and thallium in PM10 in LE area were significantly higher then HE area. The concentration of vanadium in PM10 was higher in HE area when compared to LE area even though it is not statistically significant. After adjusted for gender, age, socioeconomic status, smoking, dietary exposure and other potential confounders, we found that the urinary levels of vanadium, manganese, arsenic and strontium of inhabitants in HE area were significantly higher than those in Huwei County.

Conclusion:
The result of high SO2 indicated the pollution effect of No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Plant on its surrounding area. Moreover, the levels of vanadium in ambiet PM10 and urinary samples reflected on the effects of emitted metal pollutants on the environment and residents. However, more comprehensive investigations are necessary to clarify the impact of No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Complex on the surrounding environment and inhabitants.

並列關鍵字

petrochemical industry ； coal-fired power plant ； heavy metal ； urine ； adult

參考文獻

93. 林右翎, 火力發電廠周界空氣微粒與兒童尿中重金屬濃度之評估硏究. 2010, 台灣大學.

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