營造廠導入BIM組織架構作業流程對執行成效影響之研究

最近幾年建築資訊模型（Building Information Modeling,BIM）的技術發展與應用，在營建產業已形成一股不可忽視的趨勢，在許多歐美先進國家，BIM技術已成為同業競爭力的基本門檻。國內政府工程主管機關亦已開始著手推動或試行，甚至國內大型營造廠均已陸續導入BIM技術，然而在導入過程中仍有諸多困難，主要為初期導入成本只有大型顧問公司及營造廠可以負擔，無法普及至中小型顧問公司、營造廠及建築師事務所等，因此無法有效銜接從設計至施工的完整過程。即使有足夠成本導入BIM，仍有投資者成本投入的價值回饋壓力，其中最關鍵之處在於整個組織架構的調整及執行成效的價值回饋。本研究依據國內營造廠導入BIM的實際案例，探討國內營造廠於導入BIM作業，實際執行時相關成本及可能遭遇的問題，經由文獻回顧、專家訪談與問卷調查分析，期望能找出解決辦法及後續建議發展方向，另透過問卷調查及矩陣分析探討營造廠導入BIM作業時，不同組織架構作業流程對工程實際執行成效之影響，並獲得各專案執行時，顧客對專案變更設計流程作業項目的滿意度。本研究之成果，可為國內營造廠在初期導入BIM時，提供一個執行方向的參考，研究中除彙整各項導入BIM時所需的軟硬體設備、人員教育訓練及各專案執行BIM人員費用，亦透過實際訪談，統計營造廠導入BIM相對較大的困難與挑戰為「設計圖面資料不全造成多次檢核及修模作業」、「導入費用過高，預算編列困難」、「建模作業需要人力及時間且成效評估困難」等，及解決營造廠導入BIM困難的較好解決方案為「整合產業界之上、中、下游一同導入應用」、「政府應更積極的推廣BIM在營建業的應用與政策」、「提升人員專業訓練並累積各專案經驗」等。另本研究經調查分析，獲得不同組織架構作業流程於工程專案實際執行時，顧客對該專案變更設計流程作業項目執行的滿意度。

關鍵字

建築資訊模型；營造廠；組織架構；作業流程；成本分析

並列摘要

The development and application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become an in-negligible trend in the construction industry in recent years. BIM has become a basic requirement for competition in the trade in many advanced countries in the European and American regions. The Agency-in-charge of construction projects within our country has already started initiating or even piloting BIM. Many large-scale construction companies within the country have also introduced BIM into their operation. Nevertheless, the process of introducing BIM into the trade has faced many challenges, mainly due to the high cost incurred for introducing BIM in the initial stage which is only affordable for large-scale consultants and construction companies, and the technology cannot be spreaded to small and medium-sized consultants, construction companies and architects offices. Hence BIM cannot be effectively utilized throughout the process from design to consutrction. Even in cases where sufficient resources were available for introducing BIM, companies still face pressure from retrieving the value of the resources invested. The key rests in the adjustment of the structure of the entire organization and the efficiency of impelementation. This paper will explore the issues encountered by construction companies within our nation in implementing construction projects with BIM introduced. Through literature review, interview with experts and analysis of surveys, this paper hopes to explore possible solutions and propose directors for continual development. By conducting surveys and analysis on the actual effect on construction process by different workflows with BIM introduced, we would also get to know about the clients’ degree of satisfaction regarding the changed workflow in designing the projects. The research could be taken as reference by construction companies in designing implementation during the initial stage of introducing BIM. The research will not only take into account the soft and hardwares required in introducing BIM, costs for personnel training and specific professionals required, but also collect data concerning the challenges faced by construction companies regarding “incomplete information on design drafts which results in repeated review and revisions”, “difficulties in preparing budgets due to high cost of introducing BIM”, “difficulties in accounting manpower and time required during the construction process”, etc, and propose better solutions for construction companies attempting to introduce BIM. These include “integrated approach in introducing BIM from top to bottom”, “Government’s increased efforts in promoting BIM through its policy applied in the construction industry”, “enhancing the training of personnel and accumulation of experiences”. The research would also analyse the clients’ degree of satisfaction regarding the changed workflow in designing the projects.