兔眼藍莓 (Vaccinium ashei Reade) 及多數南方高叢藍莓 (V. corymbosum hybrid) 在臺北平地開花結實良好,但夏季高溫期常有嫩梢暫時性萎凋現象。本論文觀測不同種類藍莓生理及形態上之差異,進一步探討在高溫環境下之適應性。論文首先在高溫下比較兔眼及高叢藍莓品種間光合作用參數值及葉綠素螢光之差異。整體而言,兔眼藍莓在高溫環境下能維持較高光合作用效率及穩定的Fv/Fm值;南方高叢因品種不同於高溫下光合生理反應有極大差異。兔眼藍莓‘Brightwell’淨光合作用最佳,葉片於短暫高溫逆境下之Fv/Fm值下降少,而北方高叢‘Weymouth’ 於氣溫高於33℃時,光合速率降低,Fv/Fm值下降多。另觀察葉片色澤、上下表皮蠟質、厚度、氣孔密度、氣孔開度及葉片結構之差異。兔眼藍莓葉色呈藍綠色,南方高叢‘Misty’與‘O’Neal’及北方高叢‘Weymouth’葉色呈深綠色;葉片厚度以‘Premier’及‘Gloria’最厚,南方高叢‘Misty’、‘O’Neal’ 及‘Sharpblue’最薄;下表皮蠟質以兔眼‘Brightwell’及南方高叢‘Misty’、‘O’Neal’、‘Capefear’最厚,氣孔‘O’Neal’與葉下表皮同一平面,且‘Weymouth’、‘Brightwell’及‘Powderblue’氣孔內具有短棒狀物質。整體而言,兔眼藍莓之形態及生理特性,皆較高叢藍莓更能適應亞熱帶平地高溫多濕之環境。
The rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and most southern highbush (V. corymbosum hybrid) grow well in the lowland of Taipei but temporary wilting of young shoots often occurred in the high summer heat. This thesis investigated leaf gas exchange characteristics and leaf morphology of rabbiteye (RB), northern highbush (V. corymbosum (NH) and southern highbush (SH) blueberries in order to document their heat acclimation mechanism. This study first compared the gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence among blueberry varieties in temperature controlled environments or the field conditions. In general, under high temperatures, Rabbiteye blueberries had higher net photosynthesis rate and more stable Fv/Fm than highbush blueberries. Maximum Pn of ‘Brightwell’(RB) was measured between 33-36℃, and Fv/Fm value was highest among other varieties. Variations in leaf morphological characters including color, thickness, abaxial epidermis, adaxial epidermis, stomata density and stomata aperture among cultivars were examined. The RB cultivars had light green leaves while ‘Misty’(SH), ‘O’neal’(SH) and ‘Weymouth’(NH) had dark green leaves. ‘Premier’(RB) and ‘Gloria’(RB) had the thickest leaves among all tested cultivars; Misty’(SH), ‘O’Neal’(SH) and ‘Sharpblue’(SH) had thinner leaves. The abaxial epidermis wax of ‘Brightwell’(RB), Misty’(SH), ‘O’Neal’(SH) and ‘Capefear’(SH) were thicker than other cultivars. ‘O’Neal’(SH) expressed a lower opening percentage of stomatal apertures and a flat stomata position on leaf surface. And the ‘Brightwell’(RB), ‘Powderblue’(RB) and ‘Weymouth’(NH) observed with the wax rodlets accumulated in and adjacent to stomatal pores for opening stomata. Therefore, RB might also contribute to the better acclimation at high temperature environments.
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