當代臺灣地方自治改革的再改革 以直轄市「區」制度為中心

六都改制後，衝擊地方政治運作生態，原有臺北縣、桃園縣、臺中縣、臺南縣以及高雄縣，在升格改制為直轄市以後，其轄下的鄉鎮市紛紛改制為區，而取消其地方自治團體公法人之地位（直轄市山地原住民區仍為地方自治團體），區公所成為市政府的派出機關，人員與財務均受市政府的分配與掌控。然而，新六都直轄市其治理轄區範圍之遼闊，以及面臨地方治理問題之複雜性，傳統北高直轄市均難以比擬，因此對於各區公所之定位，有值得進一步思考的空間。本文以新改制的五個直轄市為分析對象，比較改制前後各新直轄市所面臨的地方治理問題，並提出短中長期三個解決方案，推動並保障直轄市區的自治地位，使地方自治獲得更進一步的落實與完善。

關鍵字

地方自治；區自治；直轄市

並列摘要

After the reform of Six metropolitan areas, the impact of local political operation Ecology, the original Taipei County, Taoyuan County, Taichung County, Tainan County and Kaohsiung County, after the promoted of the central government, its township towns have been restructured into a district, but the abolition of its local self-government body status (directly under Mountain Indigenous Districts of Municipalities is still a local self-governing group), the district office becomes the municipal government's dispatch organ, the personnel and the finance are subject to the Government's distribution and the control. However, the new reform of Six metropolitan areas municipality under the jurisdiction of the vast area, and faced with the complexity of local governance problems, traditional North high municipalities are difficult to match, so for the location of the district offices, there is worth further thinking of topic. This paper takes the five municipalities under the new system as the analysis object, compares the local governance problems faced by the new municipalities before and after the system reform, and proposes a short and medium-term three solutions to promote and safeguard the autonomy status of the districts, so that local self-government can be further implemented and perfected.