- 學位論文
台灣珊瑚礁相關生態群聚的特性及分布
Characterization and distribution of reef-related ecological communities in Taiwan
摘要
在現今氣候變遷以及人類引起的壓力下，珊瑚礁正面臨全面的崩潰。珊瑚礁中事實上存在許多有別於我們一般認為未受干擾的面相(如：很高的珊瑚覆蓋率及豐度)，但這些不同的相往往被認為是未受干擾的相經過擾動之後的單一向反應結果。再者，為了符合當代對於科學普及的需求，人們傾向使用這種用單一向反應結果的概念來解釋整個珊瑚礁生態對於擾動前後的反應。然而，這個概念卻忽略了過往辨識不同珊瑚礁相的研究，而這些不同的珊瑚礁相或許對於擾動有不同的反應以及扮演著不同的角色。臺灣周圍對比的海洋環境造就了絕佳的研究背景，可以用來調查珊瑚礁相關的底棲生態群聚(ECs)的數量、特徵以及分布。本研究使用了89條穿越線以及主要分類群下的形態功能性分類來調查在不同區域(北區、東區和南區)和不同深度(10米和40米)的台灣底棲類聚。在這89條穿越線中，ECs的最佳分群數量由非監督式學習的運算(k-means clustering)所決定。ECs的特徵藉由其不同的指標性物種及種組成來描述，並且調查ECs在臺灣的分布。另外，也測試了區域和深度因子是否能顯著的區別底棲類聚。研究結果顯示七個獨特且統計上支持的ECs。ECs的分布狀況意味著雖然全球溫度及光度可能和ECs的大方向分布有關，但最終地方性的環境因子可能也會影響ECs在當地的分布。為了達成保育的目地，只有考量每個深度及區域才可以了解每個EC的代表性。總體來說，為了對於珊瑚礁在快速變動的環境下的反應有更完整的認知，我們需要更加的了解珊瑚礁區各種不同的相以及其生態動態。
並列摘要
Nowadays, coral reefs are recognized in imminent collapse because of the increasing pressure of climatic and human stressors. The existence of multiple ecological facets departing from a ‘pristine’ view of the coral reefs (i.e. high coral cover and richness) is usually interpreted as a monotonic response to disturbances. A generalization of ‘one-size-fits-all’ ecological concepts probably answers to a contemporary need of simplifying and broadcasting coral reefs’ responses to changes. However, it has disregarded past qualitative studies recognizing the existence of several facets of reefs possibly associated to different ecological responses and roles. The contrasted environmental conditions around Taiwan constitute an ideal setting to investigate quantitatively the numbers, characteristics and distribution of reef-related ecological communities (ECs). Benthic assemblages were characterized along regions (North, East, South) / depths (-10 and -40 m) using 89 photo-transects and a morpho-functional categorization of the major taxa. The optimal number of ecological communities (ECs) were identified among transects using an unsupervised learning algorithm (k-means clustering). Their characteristics were outlined by identifying indicators groups, their composition assessed, and their distribution in Taiwan examined. The relevance of regional and bathymetric factors in discriminating benthic assemblages (possibly confounding different ECs) were further tested. Seven unique and well-supported ECs were identified. Their distribution suggests that while global temperature and light regimes may be associated to a panel of ECs available, local factors may have the final say on the EC thriving at a given location. In an objective of conservation, the integration of each depth and region only could achieve a representativeness of each of these ECs. Overall, a better consideration of these facets of reefs and their dynamics will be critical for a comprehensive understanding of current response of coral reefs to changes.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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