捷運工程施工階段業主風險管理之探討

The Study of Risk Management of MRT Project in Construction Stage – The Owner’s Perspective

謝永昌(Yung-Chang Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 郭斯傑

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.01597

摘要

捷運系統對於都會區的發展具有關鍵性的影響，多年來政府不斷投注大量資金在捷運建設，希望藉此徹底解決都會區的運輸需求。但由於捷運工程為一系統性工程，具有規模大、金額高、工期長、介面關係複雜及技術難度高等特性，因此，在興建過程中常有許多不確定因素，導致工程無法在預算額度內如質如期完成，不但使捷運的效益無法及時顯現，對於政府施政成效亦有深遠的影響。
為降低預算失控及工期延宕的風險，本研究透過風險辨識、風險評估與分析及風險處置等典型的風險管理程序，以政府部門辦理的捷運土建工程為研究對象，藉由訪談8位在營建工程施工、施工管理或規劃設計方面具有多年實務經驗，且曾實際參與捷運工程專案執行，能充分考量業主立場的專家學者，提出捷運土建工程施工階段與業主相關的風險因子，建立本研究的風險清單；再由受訪的專家學者針對相關風險因子進行發生的可能性與衝擊影響程度的評估，並將評估的結果做為後續風險處置重要性與優先順序的決策依據；最後，再請專家學者就發生的可能性較高、衝擊影響程度及風險值較大的風險因子提供相應的處置策略與因應措施。
研究結果顯示，本研究整併歸納出的34項捷運土建工程施工階段業主風險發生的可能性大多偏低，但其衝擊影響程度大多偏大。其中，發生的可能性最高的風險因子為「土機介面問題」，衝擊影響程度最大的風險因子為「里程碑逾期造成關連廠商進場延誤」及「廠商財務困難或倒閉」兩項，而風險值最大的前三項風險因子依序分別為「里程碑逾期造成關連廠商進場延誤」、「土機介面問題」及「地下管線遷移」，此皆與捷運工程的特性相符。此外，經本研究綜整專家訪談的結果，捷運工程施工階段業主風險的處置策略以預防與抑制為主，有部分可以透過非保險方式轉移，但多數都有自留的可能性。

關鍵字

風險 ； 風險管理 ； 捷運工程 ； 施工 ； 施工階段 ； 業主

並列摘要

A Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system retains critical influences on the development of metropolis. The government has invested a large fund in the MRT construction for years in order to solve the over-demands in metropolis. Since the systematic project of MRT has properties, such as great scale, high cost, long duration, complicated interface relation, technological degree of high difficulty, etc. There are a lot of uncertain factors in the course of construction which cause the project unable to finish by schedule and qualified within the budget. These factors are not only hard to reveal the benefits of the MRT timely but also having profound effects on government's administrative results.
In order to reduce the risk resulting from the budget which might be out of control and delay, this research is made through typical risk management procedures, including risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, risk response, etc. Regarding the MRT’s civil and architecture engineering project handled by the government’s department, this research objects by means of advises from 8 specialists and scholars, who have experienced or engaged in construction, construction management or engineering planning and detailed design for many years and have participated in and performed the MRT project. It puts themselves in the Owner’s position to think over the Owner’s needs, to propose the risk factors related to the Owner during the engineering construction stages and to establish a risk checklist for this research; it proceeds to assess the possibility of the risk factors along with the influential level of impacts by the visiting specialists and scholars. They use the results assessed as a decision basis for the follow-up risks’ responses which are subject to the importance and priority. Finally, consulting the specialists and scholars to offer three types of risk factors, including higher possibility of the risk, larger influential level of impacts and higher risk value, with corresponding tactics and measures.
The result of this research gathered a total of 34 items of risk factors of Owner’s possibility that would occur is found to be relatively low, whereas the influential level of impact is relatively high during the civil and architecture engineering of the MRT construction stage. Among them, the risk factor with supreme possibility would occur is “the interface problem of the civil and mechanical engineering”, and there are two items of the risk factors with uppermost influential level of impact. One is “the milestone overdue caused the correlated manufacturers to delay in entering the site”, and the other is “the manufacturer has got into trouble in financial difficulties or folded up”. Besides, the first three risk factors with highest risk value are “the milestone overdue caused the correlated manufacturers to delay in entering the site”, “the interface problem of the civil and mechanical engineering” and “relocation of the underground pipeline”. The properties of the risk factors mentioned above are consistent. Furthermore, this research concluded the results by means of visiting the specialists and considered the tactics and measures of the Owner’s responses during civil and architecture engineering of the MRT project construction stage. They rely mainly on preventing and reducing, even though some of the risks can be transferred without insurance, but the majority may have the possibility to be retained and solved by Owner.

並列關鍵字

Risk ； Risk Management ； Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) project ； Construction ； Construction Stage ； Owner

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