以乳化/冷凍凝膠法製備幾丁聚醣微粒及其特性分析與應用

Characterization and Application of Chitosan Microparticles Prepared by Emulsification/Freeze-gelation Method

謝承軒(Chen-Hsuan Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 謝學真

國立臺灣大學/工學院/化學工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00986

摘要

幾丁聚醣（chitosan）為幾丁質（chitin）去乙醯化後之天然多醣類高分子，具有無毒、抗菌、生物可降解及生物相容性。以幾丁聚醣所製備的顆粒也因此常被運用於生醫及藥學領域中。本研究將乳化法與冷凍凝膠法（emulsification/freeze-gelation method）結合，用於製備具多孔性質且無顆粒間凝聚現象之幾丁聚醣微粒。
在此乳化/冷凍凝膠製程中發現1.5％的Tween 80適合在低溫環境下作為界面活性劑以形成有機相與水相的乳化液。當乳化液旋轉攪拌流態穩定時，幾丁聚醣微粒會隨著轉速的提升使得粒徑減小且集中。以此新製程大量製備微粒後，微粒依舊十分穩定，顆粒間並無聚集現象的產生。以轉速300 rpm欲大量製備粒徑約集中在200μm之微粒用於微載體，經過50-80 mesh篩網濕篩後，仍具有45.3％的回收率，而粒徑則分布在198-288μm間。由SEM及冷凍切片的結果看來，所製備之幾丁聚醣微粒確實具有中空結構且表面亦具多孔性，也因有此特徵，當其水分飽和時，微粒的吸水能力約為本身質量之32倍，而體積膨潤度為356.3％，均遠較其他方法製程之微粒為高。將此微粒應用在以BSA為模式之蛋白質控制釋放上可發現微粒的大小明顯影響蛋白質之吸收率以及釋放速率。除此之外，將幾丁聚醣添加葡萄糖酸改質亦可成功以此新製程製備微粒。
本研究成功研發以乳化/冷凍凝膠法製備幾丁聚醣微粒之技術，此新製程的特色在於能製備表面具多孔性、內部具中空孔洞結構且具良好吸水能力之微粒，未來在微載體、藥物控制釋放或是吸水材料之應用上頗具進一步發展的潛力。

關鍵字

幾丁聚醣 ； 微粒 ； 乳化/冷凍凝膠法 ； 冷凍凝膠法 ； 乳化法

並列摘要

Chitosan, a natural carbohydrate biopolymer derived by deacetylation of chitin, is non-toxic, antiseptic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Chitosan microparticles have been used in various biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, porous chitosan microparticles without aggregation were prepared by a emulsification/freeze-gelation method.
In this method, Tween80 1.5% was found to be a suitable surfactant under low-temperature to form a emulsion made by organic phase and water phase. When the flow pattern of the rotating emulsion was steady, the size of the microparticles became smaller as the rotational speed increased. The use of this method for preparing the microparticles in large quantities was feasible, and no aggregation phenomenon was seen. The prepared microparticles had uniform size distribution (198-288 μm) and high mass recovery (45.3 %) after being sieved by a 50-80 mesh screen under wet condition. Results of SEM and cryosection micrographs demonostrated that the prepared particles had hollow structure and porous surface. Because of these characteristics, the water uptake capability of the particles was about 32 times of their mass and the swelling ratio was about 356.3%, much higher than the results reported in the past. The application of the particles in BSA release revealed that size of chitosan microparticles obviously influenced the protein absorption ratio and the rate of release. In addition, sugar-modified chitosan microparticles could be also prepared by this novel method.
In this study, chitosan microparticles ware successfully prepared by this emulsification/freeze-gelation method. The prepared microparticles had porous surface, hollow structure and excellent water aborbability. These microparticles have application potential in microcarriers, drug controlled release or water-absorption materials.

並列關鍵字

chitosan ； microparticles ； emulsification/freeze-gelation method ； freeze-gelaiton ； emulsification ； emulsion

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