潰壩引致之建築物災損研究

Building Damage and Loss for Extreme Flash Floods Triggered by Dam Breach

黃佩儀(Pei-Yi Huang)

指導教授 ： 李方中 ； 林國峰

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703811

摘要

當潰壩發生時，巨量洪水挾帶泥沙，對下游區域的生命財產造成致命威脅，尤其洪水會對住宅建築物造成不同程度的破壞。因此，本研究模擬水庫溢頂之潰壩情境下，推估建築物的損害與災後修繕費用。
本研究假設土石壩的兩種潰決情境，分別為漸進潰壩與瞬間潰壩。使用簡易的模擬潰壩方法，得到出流歷線，而後應用至Arc-GIS繪製淹水與流速潛勢地圖。本研究分別選取台灣和德國之水庫與其下游區域進行模擬，藉由德國威瑪包浩斯大學的地震災害研究中心(Earthquake Damage Analysis Center, EDAC)提出之災害公式 (damage function)，評估建築物的損害級別，與計算受損建築物之修繕費用。分別使用脆弱度公式(Specific Vulnerability Functions, SVF)，與損失公式(Specific Damage Functions, SDF)。此外，將相關研究在2011日本大海嘯後，提出建築物之易損性曲線(fragility functions)，與EDAC之災害公式進行比較。
結果顯示，當潰壩發生時台灣和德國的建築物大部分為中度損害，代表建築物的破壞屬於承重柱或牆壁損壞，並未發生嚴重倒塌或沖毀。由本研究得到之結果，瞭解潰壩情境下建築物可能發生的損害，可協助政府與水庫管理當局做好防災準備。

關鍵字

潰壩模式 ； 淹水地圖 ； 災害公式 ； 易損性曲線

並列摘要

Dam breach with great amount of water destroys downstream areas heavily and poses a huge threat to lives, infrastructures and residential buildings in affected areas. The thesis simulates the plausible damage to buildings after dam breach including the damage level to buildings and monetary loss.
The thesis simulate two potential scenarios of embankment dam breach would take place, which are gradual erosion of dam and sudden collapse of dam. Then, an easy-implemented dam breach model are conducted in Taiwan and Germany. Further, the inundation mappings are shown at the platform of Arc-GIS so as to calculate the inundation height and flow velocity to buildings. By virtue of the Flood damage functions established by EDAC (Earthquake Damage Analysis Center), the potential mean damage map and the loss to buildings are obtained. In addition, the fragility functions derived by 2011 Japan Tsunami is carried out to compare with the EDAC functions.
As the results show, buildings in Taiwan and Germany suffer moderate damage which means that primary columns or walls are ruined. The understanding of damage to buildings due to dam breach through the thesis is also expected to assist the planning and management of water resource systems.

並列關鍵字

dam breach model ； inundation map ； damage functions ； fragility functions

參考文獻

22. 葉勁捷，蔡宛珊，2016，潰壩洪災的不確定性分析及機率淹水潛勢圖的建立，國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。

1. Capart, H., 2013. Analytical solutions for gradual dam breaching and downstream river flooding. Water Resources Research 49.4, 1968-1987.

2. Cutter, S. L., Boruff, B. J., and Shirley, W. L., 2003. Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Social science quarterly 84(2), 242-261.

3. Fread, D. L., 1998. Dam-breach modeling and flood routing: a perspective on present capabilities and future directions. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Stillwater, Okla.

4. Froehlich, D. C., 1995. Peak outflow from breached embankment dam. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 121, 90-97.