摘要
臺灣島約在200萬年前形成，此論文研究臺灣的榕屬植物，探討物種於新興島嶼的拓殖和島嶼環境對物種分佈的影響。榕屬植物其互利共生的授粉小蜂擅於長途播遷，榕屬植物的隱頭花序──榕果──也被許多種高效率的種子傳播者取食。在此論文中，我們建立一套屬內通用的基因標記，以同一套分子標記分析不同物種。接著，利用四個榕樹種分析臺灣的遺傳結構。其中雀榕在溫暖的南臺灣呈現明顯的遺傳分化，顯示此高度變異種類可能處於生態種化的初期；而另有徵兆顯示在南臺灣的稜果榕正在進行選汰過程。在更大的尺度下，此研究顯示微衛星體ＤＮＡ資料，特別是R統計量，可針對榕屬的親緣地理學提供有用的理解，在許多的物種上，亞洲大陸似乎提供了單一的遺傳背景，儘管在族群間有強烈的基因分化；然而在幹花榕是由菲律賓拓殖而來，未值測到任何與大陸的基因交流。最後，針對Ｘ種榕樹於臺灣南北兩處的物候調查顯示，唯有可頻繁結果的榕樹種可在此島建立族群。本研究為榕樹在島嶼環境的反應開啟了一系列的觀點。
並列摘要
The Island of Taiwan appeared some two million years ago. We investigated the Ficus species of Taiwan in order to understand how the island was colonized and how insular conditions affected the colonizing species. Genus Ficus is characterized by its mutualistic association with highly dispersive pollinating wasps. Further figs, the closed inflorescences of Ficus, are consumed by a large number of highly efficient seed dispersers. We developed a set of portable genetic markers in order to analyze several species using a single set of markers. We then analyzed genetic structuring within Taiwan in a set of four species. One species presented clear genetic differentiation in the warm south Taiwan, suggesting the possibility of incipient ecological speciation in a highly dispersive species. Another species presented indications of ongoing selective processes also in south Taiwan. On a broader scale we show that microsatellite data and notably R statistics provide useful insights into Ficus phylogeography. In three species, continental Asia seems to correspond to a single genetic background despite strong genetic differentiation among populations. For Ficus variegata, we show that it colonized Taiwan from the Philippines and we detect no trace of gene flow from the continent. An investigation of Ficus reproductive phenology suggests that only species producing frequent fig crops have established on the island. This work opens up a series of perspectives on the response of Ficus to insular conditions.
參考文獻
Lin C-C, Wu W-J (2003) The ant fauna of Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with the keys
Lin CS (2005) Immature Stages of Four Bombycidae Species of Taiwan. Collection
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Tzeng H, Ou C, & Lu F (2003) Syconium phenology of Ficus erecta var. beecheyana
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